Search results for "570"

Lost in Transition: A Systematic Review of Neonatal Electroencephalography in the Delivery Room—Are We Forgetting an Important Biomarker for Newborn …

2017

Background: Electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring is routine in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) for detection of seizures, neurological monitoring of infants following perinatal asphyxia, and increasingly, following preterm delivery. EEG monitoring is not routinely commenced in the delivery room (DR). Objectives: To determine the feasibility of recording neonatal EEG in the DR, and to assess its usefulness as a marker of neurological wellbeing during immediate newborn transition. Methods: We performed a systematic stepwise search of PubMed using the following terms: infant, newborns, neonate, delivery room, afterbirth, transition and electroencephalography. Only human studies describ…

Neurological complications in pediatric patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review of the literature

2021

Abstract Objectives To describe clinical characteristics, laboratory tests, radiological data and outcome of pediatric cases with SARS-CoV-2 infection complicated by neurological involvement. Study design A computerized search was conducted using PubMed. An article was considered eligible if it reported data on pediatric patient(s) with neurological involvement related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. We also described a case of an acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) in a 5-year-old girl with SARS-CoV-2 infection: this case was also included in the systematic review. Results Forty-four articles reporting 59 cases of neurological manifestations in pediatric patients were included in our revi…

Prevalence of hypospadias in Italy according to severity, gestational age and birthweight: an epidemiological study

2009

Abstract Background Hypospadias is a congenital displacement of the urethral meatus in male newborns, being either an isolated defect at birth or a sign of sexual development disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence rate of hypospadias in different Districts of Italy, in order to make a comparison with other countries all over the world. Methods We reviewed all the newborns file records (years 2001–2004) in 15 Italian Hospitals. Results We found an overall hypospadias prevalence rate of 3.066 ± 0.99 per 1000 live births (82.48% mild hypospadias, 17.52% moderate-severe). In newborns Small for Gestational Age (birthweight th percentile) of any gestational age the prevalen…

Increased percentages of calprotectin and TNF-Α double-positive monocytes in the acute phase of Kawasaki disease

2011

Background The acute phase of KD is characterized by a deficiency of suppressor T cells, marked activation of the immune system and increased secretion of cytokines by immune effector cells. Moreover, it has been shown that myeloid-related protein (MRP-8 and MRP-14) and S100proteins, the major calcium-binding proteins secreted by activated neutrophils and monocytes, contribute to cause inflammation in acute lesions of KD, and indeed one of the more common hematological alteration in KD is the increase of peripheral blood monocytes. Calprotectin, one of the major calcium-binding proteins, can lead to direct and indirect effects that result not only in inflammation but also in modification of…

Ocular Refraction at Birth and Its Development During the First Year of Life in a Large Cohort of Babies in a Single Center in Northern Italy

2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate refraction at birth and during the first year of life in a large cohort of babies born in a single center in Northern Italy. We also aimed to analyze refractive errors in relation to the gestational age at birth. An observational ophthalmological assessment was performed within 24 h of birth on 12,427 newborns. Refraction was examined using streak retinoscopy after the administration of tropicamide (1%). Values in the range of between +0.50 ≤ D ≤ +4.00 were defined as physiological refraction at birth. Newborns with refraction values outside of the physiological range were followed up during the first year of life. Comparative analyses were condu…

Early precursors of low attention and hyperactivity in moderately and very preterm children at preschool age

2013

The low attention and hyperactivity are major morbidities associated with very and moderately preterm birth. The study has been aimed at investigating the likely occurrence of early precursors of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in very and moderately preterm children at preschool age. The involved children were: 25 very preterm children (M=29.4 weeks of gestational age, SD=2), with low birth weight (M=1200 g, SD=250 g); 35 moderately preterm children (M=34.6 weeks of gestational age, SD=1) with low birth weight (M=2100 g, SD=250 g); 60 healthy full-term children as the control group. Parents of children have been administered specific questionnaires to detect low attenti…

Cancer in the first 18 months of life

2020

Introduction: Oncological-haematological disease continues to be the first cause of non-traumatic mortality in childhood, as well as a significant cause of morbidity. The patient less than 18-months-old has special clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic features that all paediatricians are interested in determining, with the aim of achieving greater survival and a lower morbidity throughout the lives of their patients. Material and methods: A retrospective, descriptive study was carried out using the clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic variables in patients less than 18-months-old diagnosed with an oncological-haematological that received chemotherapy in a Paediatric Oncology Unit between …

Targeting of immune cells with trimannosylated liposomes

2020

The immunosuppressive activity of artemisinin‐type drugs towards inflammatory and autoimmune diseases

2021

The sesquiterpene lactone artemisinin from Artemisia annua L. is well established for malaria therapy, but its bioactivity spectrum is much broader. In this review, we give a comprehensive and timely overview of the literature regarding the immunosuppressive activity of artemisinin-type compounds toward inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Numerous receptor-coupled signaling pathways are inhibited by artemisinins, including the receptors for interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), β3-integrin, or RANKL, toll-like receptors and growth factor receptors. Among the receptor-coupled signal transducers are extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinas…

Palatabilidad de las soluciones de rehidratación oral en niños sanos de 6 a 9 años. Ensayo clínico multicéntrico, aleatorizado y simple ciego

2010

Resumen: Introducción: La adherencia al tratamiento es esencial para el éxito terapéutico. En los niños, la palatabilidad de las medicaciones orales condiciona su aceptación y cumplimentación terapéutica. El objetivo fue estimar los sabores de las soluciones de rehidratación oral (SRO) que más gustan a los niños y analizar la relación entre los gustos del niño y la elección de un determinado sabor de SRO. Material y métodos: Ensayo clínico multicéntrico, aleatorizado y simple ciego. Ciento dieciséis niños cataron 4 sueros, 2 a 2, y puntuaron el sabor de cada uno de ellos como muy bueno, bueno, malo o muy malo, y en cada cata eligieron el preferido. Previamente se había encuestado sobre los …