Search results for "A2"
showing 10 items of 1101 documents
Enhancement of brain choline levels by nicotinamide: mechanism of action
1998
Following the subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of nicotinamide (10 mmol/kg), the brain and CSF levels of nicotinamide were increased to millimolar concentrations, but the concentrations of N-methylnicotinamide (NMN) in the CSF, and of NMN and NAD+ in brain tissue were not significantly altered. Concomitantly, nicotinamide caused increases of the choline levels in the venous brain blood. In hippocampal slices, nicotinamide (1-10 mM) induced choline release in a calcium- and mepacrine-sensitive manner and, in [3H]choline-labelled slices, increased the levels of [3H]lyso-phosphatidylcholine and [3H]glycerophosphocholine. We conclude that nicotinamide enhances brain choline concentrations by …
Sulfhydryl G Proteins and Phospholipase A2-Associated G Proteins Are Involved in Adrenergic Signal Transduction in the Rat Pineal Gland
2001
The rat pineal gland with its circadian noradrenaline-regulated melatonin rhythm is an excellent model for studying adrenergic signal transduction with respect to cAMP and cGMP formation. The stimulatory G(s) proteins play a well-established role in this process. In contrast, the potential roles of the inhibitory G(i) proteins, the functionally unclear other G(o) proteins, and a number of G protein subtypes are not known. The present study examines the effects on beta(1)- and beta(1)-plus-alpha(1)-stimulated cAMP and cGMP formation of a number of G protein modulators in rat pinealocyte suspension cultures. The effects of the nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside on cGMP were also examined…
Cognitive control in auditory working memory is enhanced in musicians
2010
Musical competence may confer cognitive advantages that extend beyond processing of familiar musical sounds. Behavioural evidence indicates a general enhancement of both working memory and attention in musicians. It is possible that musicians, due to their training, are better able to maintain focus on task-relevant stimuli, a skill which is crucial to working memory. We measured the blood oxygenation-level dependent (BOLD) activation signal in musicians and non-musicians during working memory of musical sounds to determine the relation among performance, musical competence and generally enhanced cognition. All participants easily distinguished the stimuli. We tested the hypothesis that mus…
Intergenerational continuity in parents’ and adolescents’ externalizing problems: The role of life events and their interaction with GABRA2.
2015
We examine whether parental externalizing behavior has an indirect effect on adolescent externalizing behavior via elevations in life events, and whether this indirect effect is further qualified by an interaction between life events and adolescents’ GABRA2 genotype (rs279871). We use data from 2 samples: the Child Development Project (CDP; n = 324) and FinnTwin12 (n = 802). In CDP, repeated measures of life events, mother-reported adolescent externalizing, and teacher-reported adolescent externalizing were used. In FinnTwin12, life events and externalizing were assessed at age 14. Parental externalizing was indexed by measures of antisocial behavior and alcohol problems or alcohol dependen…
Role of TGF-β Pathway Polymorphisms in Sporadic Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm: rs900 TGF-β2 Is a Marker of Differential Gender Susceptibility
2013
Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is a progressive disorder involving gradual dilation of ascending and/or descending thoracic aorta with dissection or rupture as complications. It occurs as sporadic or defined syndromes/familial forms.Genetic, molecular and cellular mechanims of sporadic TAA forms are poorly characterized and known. Thus, our interest has been focused on investigating the role of genetic variants of transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β) pathways in TAA risk. On the other hand, no data on the role of genetic variants of TGF-βpathway in sporadic TAA exist until now. In addition, other cytokines, including IL-10, orchestrate TAA pathophysiology. Their balance determines the ultima…
Risk Stratification Using the CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc Score in Takotsubo Syndrome: Data From the Takotsubo Italian Network
2017
Background The CHA 2 DS 2 ‐VASc score predicts stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation and has been reported to have a prognostic role even in acute coronary syndrome patients. The Takotsubo syndrome is a condition that mimics acute coronary syndrome and may present several complications including stroke. We sought to assess the ability of CHA 2 DS 2 ‐VASc score to predict adverse events in Takotsubo syndrome patients. Methods and Results Overall, 371 Takotsubo syndrome patients were enrolled in a prospective registry. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the CHA 2 DS 2 ‐VASc score: Group A (≤1), B (2–3), and C (≥4). The median CHA 2 DS 2 ‐VASc score was 3 (interquartile ra…
NEXMIF encephalopathy: an X-linked disorder with male and female phenotypic patterns
2021
Contains fulltext : 231688.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) PURPOSE: Pathogenic variants in the X-linked gene NEXMIF (previously KIAA2022) are associated with intellectual disability (ID), autism spectrum disorder, and epilepsy. We aimed to delineate the female and male phenotypic spectrum of NEXMIF encephalopathy. METHODS: Through an international collaboration, we analyzed the phenotypes and genotypes of 87 patients with NEXMIF encephalopathy. RESULTS: Sixty-three females and 24 males (46 new patients) with NEXMIF encephalopathy were studied, with 30 novel variants. Phenotypic features included developmental delay/ID in 86/87 (99%), seizures in 71/86 (83%) and multiple comorbidi…
A binary genetic approach to characterize TRPM5 cells in mice
2015
International audience; Transient receptor potential channel subfamily M member 5 (TRPM5) is an important downstream signaling component in a subset of taste receptor cells making it a potential target for taste modulation. Interestingly, TRPM5 has been detected in extra-oral tissues; however, the function of extra-gustatory TRPM5-expressing cells is less well understood. To facilitate visualization and manipulation of TRPM5-expressing cells in mice, we generated a Cre knock-in TRPM5 allele by homologous recombination. We then used the novel TRPM5-IRES-Cre mouse strain to report TRPM5 expression by activating a tau GFP transgene. To confirm faithful coexpression of tau GFP and TRPM5 we gene…
Phenotypical and functional analysis of memory and effector human CD8 T cells specific for mycobacterial antigens
2006
Abstract Mycobacterium tuberculosis infects one-third of the global population and claims two million lives every year. Because memory CD8 T cells exhibit a high heterogeneity in terms of phenotype and functional characteristic, we investigated the frequency, phenotype, and functional properties of Ag85A epitope-specific HLA-A*0201 CD8 T cells in children affected by tuberculosis (TB) before and 4 mo after chemotherapy and healthy contact children. Using Ag85A peptide/HLA-A*0201 pentamer, we found a low frequency of blood peptide-specific CD8 T cells in tuberculous children before therapy, which consistently increased after therapy to levels detected in healthy contacts. Ex vivo analysis of…
Indacaterol once-daily provides superior efficacy to salmeterol twice-daily in COPD: A 12-week study
2011
SummaryBackgroundIndacaterol is a novel, inhaled once-daily ultra-long-acting β2-agonist for the treatment of COPD.MethodsThis 12-week randomised, parallel-group study compared the efficacy of indacaterol 150 μg once-daily to salmeterol 50 μg twice-daily in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD. Assessments included FEV1 standardised area under curve (AUC) from 5 min to 11 h 45 min at Week 12 (primary endpoint), 24-h trough FEV1 (mean of 23 h 10 min and 23 h 45 min post-dose) at Week 12 (key secondary endpoint), FEV1 and FVC measured over 24-h, transition dyspnoea index (TDI) and rescue medication use.ResultsOf 1123 patients randomised 92.1% completed. Mean ± SD age was 62.8 ± 8.78 years, p…