Search results for "A2"

X-ray microtomography and laser ablation in the analysis of ink distribution in coated paper

2015

A novel method was developed for studying the ink-paper interface and the structural variations of a deposited layer of ink. Combining high-resolution x-ray tomography with laser ablation, the depth profile of ink (toner), i.e., its varying thickness, could be determined in a paper substrate. X-ray tomography was used to produce the 3D structure of paper with about 1 μm spatial resolution. Laser ablation combined with optical imaging was used to produce the 3D structure of the printed layer of ink on top of that paper with about 70 nm depth resolution. Ablation depth was calibrated with an optical profilometer. It can be concluded that a toner layer on a light-weight-coated paper substrate …

Noetherian type in topological products

2010

The cardinal invariant "Noetherian type" of a topological space $X$ (Nt(X)) was introduced by Peregudov in 1997 to deal with base properties that were studied by the Russian School as early as 1976. We study its behavior in products and box-products of topological spaces. We prove in Section 2: 1) There are spaces $X$ and $Y$ such that $Nt(X \times Y) < \min\{Nt(X), Nt(Y)\}$. 2) In several classes of compact spaces, the Noetherian type is preserved by the operations of forming a square and of passing to a dense subspace. The Noetherian type of the Cantor Cube of weight $\aleph_\omega$ with the countable box topology, $(2^{\aleph_\omega})_\delta$, is shown in Section 3 to be closely related …

Synergistic effects of Janus particles and triblock terpolymers on toughness of immiscible polymer blends

2017

Abstract By influencing both the interfacial adhesion and the morphology, compatibilizers determine the mechanical properties of polymer blends. Here, we study the mechanical properties, in particular the fatigue crack propagation (FCP) of immiscible blends of poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether)/poly(styrene- co -acrylonitrile) (PPE/SAN), compatibilized with Janus nanoparticles (JPs) and linear polystyrene- block -polybutadiene- block -poly(methyl methacrylate) (SBM) triblock terpolymers. Synergistic effects of a mixture of both compatibilizers improve the FCP behavior and reveal the important role of interface stiffness and flexibility on the mechanical properties of polymer blends. The…

Trace element behavior in the fluidized bed gasification of solid recovered fuels

2013

Gasification of biomass and recycled fuels is of particular interest for the efficient production of power and heat. Trace elements present as impurities in the product gas should be removed very efficiently. The objective of this work has been to develop and test thermodynamic models for the reactions of trace elements with chlorine and sulfur in the gasification processes of recycled fuels. In particular, the chemical reactions of trace elements with main thermochemical conversion products, main ash components, and bed and sorbent material are implemented into the model. The possibilities of gas cleaning devices in condensing and removing the trace element compounds are studied by establi…

Transcriptional regulation of the stem cell leukemia gene by PU.1 and Elf-1.

1998

Abstract The SCL gene, also known astal-1, encodes a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that is pivotal for the normal development of all hematopoietic lineages. SCL is expressed in committed erythroid, mast, and megakaryocytic cells as well as in hematopoietic stem cells. Nothing is known about the regulation of SCL transcription in mast cells, and in other lineages GATA-1 is the only tissue-specific transcription factor recognized to regulate the SCL gene. We have therefore analyzed the molecular mechanisms underlyingSCL expression in mast cells. In this paper, we demonstrate that SCL promoter 1a was regulated by GATA-1 together with Sp1 and Sp3 in a manner similar to the situati…

Role of hepatocyte nuclear factor 3γ in the expression of human CYP2C genes

2004

Hepatocyte nuclear factor 3 gamma (HNF-3 gamma) is an important transcription factor for the maintenance of specific liver functions. However, its relevance in the expression of human cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes has not yet been explored. Several HNF3 putative binding sites can be identified in human CYP2C 5'-flanking regions. Gene reporter experiments with proximal promoters revealed that HNF-3 gamma transactivated CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 (25-, 4-, and 4-fold, respectively), but it did not transactivate CYP2C18. However, overexpression of HNF-3 gamma in hepatoma cells by means of a recombinant adenovirus induced CYP2C9, CYP2C18, and CYP2C19 mRNA (4.5-, 20-, and 50-fold, respectively) b…

In vivo manipulation of Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells with zoledronate and low-dose interleukin-2 for immunotherapy of advanced breast cancer patients.

2010

The potent anti-tumour activities of gamma delta T cells have prompted the development of protocols in which gamma delta-agonists are administered to cancer patients. Encouraging results from small Phase I trials have fuelled efforts to characterize more clearly the application of this approach to unmet clinical needs such as metastatic carcinoma. To examine this approach in breast cancer, a Phase I trial was conducted in which zoledronate, a V gamma 9V delta 2 T cell agonist, plus low-dose interleukin (IL)-2 were administered to 10 therapeutically terminal, advanced metastatic breast cancer patients. Treatment was well tolerated and promoted the effector maturation of V gamma 9V delta 2 T …

Il ruolo dei leucociti polimorfonucleati in patologia venosa

2009

Longitudinal analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis 19-kDa antigen-specific T cells in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis: association with disease…

2003

CD8(+) T cells play a central role in immune protection against infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. One of the target epitopes for anti-M. tuberculosis directed CD8(+) T cells is the HLA-A2-restricted 19-kDa lipoprotein peptide VLTDGNPPEV. T cell clones directed against this epitope recognized not only the nominal peptide ligand, but also a closely related peptide (VPTDPNPPEV) from the HIV envelope gp120 (HIV(env) gp120) protein characterized by IFN-gamma release. This cross-reactivity was confirmed in ex vivo in M. tuberculosis 19-kDa tetramer-sorted T cells from patients with tuberculosis and in HIVgp120 tetramer-reactive T cells sorted from HIV(+) patients. M. tuberculosis 19-kDa …

A free plate model can predict guided modes propagating in tubular bone-mimicking phantoms

2014

The goal of this work was to show that a non-absorbing free plate model can predict with a reasonable accuracy guided modes measured in bone-mimicking phantoms that have circular cross-section. Experiments were carried out on uncoated and coated phantoms using a clinical axial transmission setup. Adjustment of the plate model to the experimental data yielded estimates for the waveguide characteristics (thickness, bulk wave velocities). Fair agreement was achieved over a frequency range of 0.4 to 1.6 MHz. A lower accuracy observed for the thinnest bone-mimicking phantoms was caused by limitations in the wave number measurements rather than by the model itself.