Search results for "ACTIVATION"
showing 10 items of 2079 documents
Focal Transcriptional Activity of Murine Cytomegalovirus during Latency in the Lungs
1999
ABSTRACT Interstitial pneumonia is a frequent and critical manifestation of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in immunocompromised patients, in particular in recipients of bone marrow transplantation. Previous work in the murine CMV infection model has identified the lungs as a major organ site of CMV latency and recurrence. It was open to question whether the viral genome is transcriptionally silent or active during latency. Transcription could be latency associated and thus be part of the latency phenotype. Alternatively, transcriptional activity could reflect episodes of reactivation. We demonstrate here that transcription of the immediate-early (IE) transcription unit ie1-ie3 selectiv…
PeptoSomes for Vaccination: Combining Antigen and Adjuvant in Polypept(o)ide-Based Polymersomes.
2017
In this work, the first vaccine is reported based on a PeptoSome, which contains a model antigen (SIINFEKL) and adjuvant (CpG). PeptoSomes are polypept(o)ide-based polymersomes built of a block-copolymer with polysarcosine (PSar) as the hydrophilic block (X n = 111) and poly(benzyl-glutamic acid) (PGlu(OBn)) as the hydrophobic one (X n = 46). The polypept(o)ide is obtained with low dispersity index of 1.32 by controlled ring-opening polymerization. Vesicle formation by dual centrifugation technique allows for loading of vesicles up to 40 mol%. PeptoSomes are characterized by multiangle dynamic light scattering, static light scattering, and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryoTEM…
Bio-inspired Ni dinuclear complexes as heterogeneous catalysts for hydrogen evolution
2021
Abstract A major challenge in the sustainable production of hydrogen is lowering the electrochemical overpotential and the activation energy of the hydrogen evolution reaction. Some enzymes have two metallic Ni centers and catalyze this reaction with high activity. Taking inspiration from them, we have developed two novel dinuclear Ni(II) complexes, Ni-PATIO and Ni-PACO, with promise as molecular catalysts. Ni-PACO exhibits a square-planar geometry for both Ni(II) and two-fold rotational symmetry both in solid and solution states, whereas Ni-PATIO displays one square-planar Ni(II) center and one octahedral Ni(II) configuration, which confer it magnetic properties. We show that both complexe…
Tautomerism in pyridazin-3(2H)-one: a theoretical study using implicit/explicit solvation models.
2013
Abstract The tautomeric conversion of pyridazin-3(2H)-one 1 into pyridazin-3-ol 2 has been theoretically studied using density functional theory (DFT) methods at the B3LYP/6-311++G** level. Two mechanisms have been considered for this process: (i) one in which the hydrogen is directly transferred through TS12; and (ii) another one in which a double hydrogen transfer takes place via TS1122 upon formation of the corresponding dimer. The former requires a very high activation energy of 42.64 kcal/mol as a consequence of the strain associated with the formation of the four-membered TS12, while the latter requires a much lower activation energy, 14.66 kcal/mol. Implicit, explicit, and a combinat…
Allergen-specific immune deviation from a T H2 to a T H1 response induced by dendritic cells and collagen type I
1999
Background: Atopy and IgE production are associated with enhanced allergen-specific TH2 responses. Therefore a causative treatment may result from the deviation of this T H2dominated immune response toward a TH1 response. Objective: This study was carried out to analyze whether dendritic cells, the most potent antigen-presenting cells that are also known to induce antigen-specific T H1 responses, are suitable for therapy of atopic diseases by shifting the allergen-specific TH2 response toward a TH1 response. Methods: Monocyte-derived dendritic cells were used to present allergens in vitro to autologous CD4 + T cells of allergic persons. Because collagen type I activates dendritic cells and …
Hyperthermia Enhances CD95-Ligand Gene Expression in T Lymphocytes
2004
Abstract Hyperthermia represents an interesting therapeutic strategy for the treatment of tumors. Moreover, it is able to regulate several aspects of the immune response. Fas (APO-1/CD95) and its ligand (FasL) are cell surface proteins whose interaction activates apoptosis of Fas-expressing targets. In T cells, the Fas-Fas-L system regulates activation-induced cell death, is implicated in diseases in which lymphocyte homeostasis is compromised, and plays an important role during cytotoxic and regulatory actions mediated by these cells. In this study we describe the effect of hyperthermia on activation of the fas-L gene in T lymphocytes. We show that hyperthermic treatment enhances Fas-L-med…
Analyzing the electrophysiological effects of local epicardial temperature in experimental studies with isolated hearts
2008
As a result of their modulating effects upon myocardial electrophysiology, both hypo- and hyperthermia can be used to study the mechanisms that generate or sustain cardiac arrhythmias. The present study describes an original electrode developed with thick-film technology and capable of controlling regional temperature variations in the epicardium while simultaneously registering its electrical activity. In this way, it is possible to measure electrophysiological parameters of the heart at different temperatures. The results obtained with this device in a study with isolated and perfused rabbit hearts are reported. An exploration has been made of the effects of local temperature changes upon…
Blocking Activin Receptor Ligands Is Not Sufficient to Rescue Cancer-Associated Gut Microbiota—A Role for Gut Microbial Flagellin in Colorectal Cance…
2019
Colorectal cancer (CRC) and cachexia are associated with the gut microbiota and microbial surface molecules. We characterized the CRC-associated microbiota and investigated whether cachexia affects the microbiota composition. Further, we examined the possible relationship between the microbial surface molecule flagellin and CRC. CRC cells (C26) were inoculated into mice. Activin receptor (ACVR) ligands were blocked, either before tumor formation or before and after, to increase muscle mass and prevent muscle loss. The effects of flagellin on C26-cells were studied in vitro. The occurrence of similar phenomena were studied in murine and human tumors. Cancer modulated the gut microbiota witho…
Stereotypes in Persuasive Communication: Influence Exerted by a Disapproved Source
2004
The present paper examines how someone's use of stereotypes can exert influence over others’ judgments. In the 2 studies reported here, participants were presented with messages containing information provided by a source. In Study 1, the source was an in-group member. The messages were manipulated in a between-subjects design so that participants were either given stereotypical or counterstereotypical information. After being given a hint regarding the source's estimate, participants were asked to provide their own estimates about a number of points displayed on a computer screen. Results indicate that participants tended to use as an anchor the estimate provided by the source that made us…
Humoral Mechanisms in T cell Vaccination: Induction and Functional Characterization of Anti-lymphocytic Autoantibodies
1997
T cell vaccination, the application of syngeneic attenuated T cells, has been shown to prevent effectively and treat experimental autoimmune diseases, but its mechanisms of action are poorly understood. Here we present data on the induction of a humoral anti-T cell response by T cell vaccination, capable of strongly inhibiting T cell proliferation and of ameliorating experimental autoimmune disease. T cell vaccination in the Lewis rat induced autoantibodies reactive with several syngeneic T cell proteins. These autoantibodies were not detectable in normal Lewis sera as assessed by immunoblotting and flow cytometry with intact syngeneic T cells. The autoantibody reactivity was not restricted…