Search results for "AFRICA"
showing 10 items of 962 documents
: School Projects in Sub-Saharan Africa: lessons learned in Guinea, Madagascar and Senegal
2006
06039 - Existe également en anglais; L'AFD et l'ADEA ont financé cette étude sur les projets d'école mis en place dans trois pays, laGuinée, Madagascar et le Sénégal. Des observations et des recueils de données ont été réalisés sur leterrain auprès des associations de parents d'élèves, des responsables administratifs, des directeursd'école et des enseignants.
L'uso della comparazione giuridica e i diritti fondamentali nella sentenza della Corte costituzionale sudafricana Case CCT 23/96 "Certification of th…
2008
Obiettivo di questo studio è di esaminare, nel giudizio di conformità operato dalla Corte costituzionale sudafricana nel caso CCT 23/96 Certification of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, a conclusione del processo costituente sudafricano, i richiami comparatistici operati dalla Corte, per verificare il ruolo esercitato dal diritto straniero, in particolare nell’ambito delle previsioni inerenti i diritti fondamentali. L’analisi si sofferma quindi sulla natura dei riferimenti comparatistici, se generali o specifici, sul tipo di formante richiamato (normativo, giurisprudenziale o dottrinale), sull’importanza da dare al richiamo del diritto straniero e sull’uso costruttivo…
Compared regimes of NDVI and Rainfall in semi-arid regions of Africa
2006
International audience; Bi-monthly normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) at an 8km spatial resolution from the advanced very high resolution radiometers (AVHRR) was used from 1981 to 1995 to analyse the vegetation response to rainfall supply in semi-arid regions of Africa. Within the 200-600 mm annual rainfall belt, for which the apparent NDVI response to rainfall was the strongest, three regions were selected which exhibited different patterns in their NDVI regimes and/or relationships with rainfall. The regions, located in western, southern and eastern Africa, were split into coherent sub-regions in terms of mean regime of photosynthetic activity through a cluster analysis. Overal…
Mapping 123 million neonatal, infant and child deaths between 2000 and 2017
2019
Since 2000, many countries have achieved considerable success in improving child survival, but localized progress remains unclear. To inform efforts towards United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.2—to end preventable child deaths by 2030—we need consistently estimated data at the subnational level regarding child mortality rates and trends. Here we quantified, for the period 2000–2017, the subnational variation in mortality rates and number of deaths of neonates, infants and children under 5 years of age within 99 low- and middle-income countries using a geostatistical survival model. We estimated that 32% of children under 5 in these countries lived in districts that had attained ra…
Perspectives on Sustainable Development in the Context of Public Health Issues
2015
Abstract Health is an integral part of sustainable development, a process that can’t be materialized if there is a high prevalence of diseases, a high percentage of those is due to environmental factors. An important component of health is the healthy nutrition, especially of children and pregnant women. Iodine is an essential micronutrient for a good nutrition that covers the physiological needs of the body, iodine deficiency having important consequences for mother and fetus, then for children, especially in the first years of life. The main role of iodine in the body is due to his importance for synthesis of thyroid hormones involved in growth and development of psychic and somatic body,…
An inventory of the names of vascular plants endemic to C Mediterranean and described from Tunisia
2019
The census of the loci classici of the 98 vascular plants described from Tunisia, endemic to Tunisia or to Tunisia and the surrounding countries, is here presented and described. The effective place of publication of accepted names, basionyms, and homotypic synonyms were identified and critically verified. The geographic information on the loci classici was excerpted from the protologues, as well as information on typification for the taxa described before 1 January 1958. The names without holotype are 48. For 7 of them a lectotypification is already available in literature, 5 are lecotypified here, while 32 currently accepted taxa still need type designation. The new names Festuca scholzia…
Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
2020
Abstract: Background Health system planning requires careful assessment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) epidemiology, but data for morbidity and mortality of this disease are scarce or non-existent in many countries. We estimated the global, regional, and national burden of CKD, as well as the burden of cardiovascular disease and gout attributable to impaired kidney function, for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017. We use the term CKD to refer to the morbidity and mortality that can be directly attributed to all stages of CKD, and we use the term impaired kidney function to refer to the additional risk of CKD from cardiovascular disease and gout. Methods Th…
HIV-1 Adaptation to Antigen Processing Results in Population-Level Immune Evasion and Affects Subtype Diversification
2014
Summary The recent HIV-1 vaccine failures highlight the need to better understand virus-host interactions. One key question is why CD8+ T cell responses to two HIV-Gag regions are uniquely associated with delayed disease progression only in patients expressing a few rare HLA class I variants when these regions encode epitopes presented by ∼30 more common HLA variants. By combining epitope processing and computational analyses of the two HIV subtypes responsible for ∼60% of worldwide infections, we identified a hitherto unrecognized adaptation to the antigen-processing machinery through substitutions at subtype-specific motifs. Multiple HLA variants presenting epitopes situated next to a giv…
Broadening Access to Primary Education: Contract Teacher Programs and Their Impact on Education Outcomes in Africa – An Econometric Evaluation for Ni…
2006
06004; For Sub-Saharan Africa as a whole, but particularly for countries in the Sahel zone, full primary enrolment and completion at acceptable quality as codified in the Millennium Development Goals and the Education for All objectives still remains a major challenge. In order to enhance education supply, many of these countries have launched large scale teacher recruitment programs in recent years, whereby the teachers are no longer engaged in civil servant positions, but on the basis of fixed-term contracts typically implying considerably lower salaries and a sharply reduced duration of professional training. While this policy has led to a boost of primary enrolment, stakeholders in the …
PAN-AFRICAN MOBILE BELTS AS EVIDENCE FOR A TRANSITIONAL TECTONIC REGIME FROM INTRAPLATE OROGENY TO PLATE MARGIN OROGENY
1979
Pan-African belts of the African mainland and the Arabian-Nubian Shield exhibit evolutionary features which are either compatible with intracontinental ensialic development or with plate margin and Wilson cycle tectonics. Some of these belts are discussed and, considered together, they appear to reflect variations in crustal mobility during a transitional tectonic regime from intraplate to plate margin orogeny which lasted some 50. Ma from ca. 1000 Ma to ca. 500 Ma ago.