Search results for "AGEs"
showing 10 items of 8832 documents
Data from: The evolutionary dynamics of adaptive virginity, sex-allocation and altruistic helping in haplodiploid animals
2017
In haplodiploids, females can produce sons from unfertilized eggs without mating. However, virgin reproduction is usually considered to be a result of a failure to mate, rather than an adaptation. Here we build an analytical model for evolution of virgin reproduction, sex-allocation, and altruistic female helping in haplodiploid taxa. We show that when mating is costly (e.g. when mating increases predation risk), virginity can evolve as an adaptive female reproductive strategy. Furthermore, adaptive virginity results in strongly divergent sex-ratios in mated and virgin queen nests (‘split sex ratios’), which promotes the evolution of altruistic helping by daughters in mated queen nests. How…
Mechanistic Modeling and Multiscale Applications for Precision Medicine: Theory and Practice
2020
Drug research, therapy development, and other areas of pharmacology and medicine can benefit from simula- tions and optimization of mathematical models that contain a mathematical description of interactions between systems elements at the cellular, tissue, organ, body, and population level. This approach is the foundation of systems medicine and precision medicine. Here, simulated experiments are performed with computers (in silico) first, and they are then replicated through lab experiments (in vivo or in vitro) or clinical studies. In turn, these experiments and studies can be used to validate or improve the models. This iterative loop of dry and wet lab work is successful when biomedica…
Projection and Pinhole-Based Data Acquisition for Small-Animal SPECT Using Storage Phosphor Technology
2007
Three-dimensional Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) can provide high-resolution insight into biomolecular distribution and pharmacokinetics. However, instrument availability and distribution is limited at present,and imaging times can be considerable. To evaluate the large array of novel agents which are becoming available,we find that storage phosphor-based in vivo imaging can provide an important,rapid-throughput transition from the traditional ex vivo sacrifice/gamma counting and autoradiography to full-time course SPECT.
Real and simulated endoscopy of neurosurgical approaches in an anatomical model
1997
Endoscopy simulation is a new visualisation technique which can be used to visualise patient anatomy as seen through endoscopes. In the following, we describe the application of simulated endoscopy to neurosurgical endoscopic approaches. We assess different aspects of virtual images and their influence on the final result, as judged by clinicians. One of these aspects is the projective geometry which is used to render the 3D images. Rendering using stereographic projection leads to more realistic endoscopic views than perspective projection.
Different species and symbiotic genotypes of field rhizobia can nodulate Phaseolus vulgaris in Tunisian soils.
2002
Abstract A collection of 160 isolates of rhizobia nodulating Phaseolus vulgaris in three geographical regions in Tunisia was characterized by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified 16S rDNA, nifH and nodC genes. Nine groups of rhizobia were delineated: Rhizobium gallicum biovar (bv.) gallicum, Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli and bv. viciae, Rhizobium etli bv. phaseoli, Rhizobium giardinii bv. giardinii, and four groups related to species of the genus Sinorhizobium, Sinorhizobium meliloti, Sinorhizobium medicae and Sinorhizobium fredii. The most abundant rhizobial species were R. gallicum, R. etli, and R. leguminosarum encompassing…
Anti-inflammatory agents from plants: Progress and potential
2011
The identification of substances that can promote the resolution of inflammation in a way that is homeostatic, modulatory, efficient, and well-tolerated by the body is of fundamental importance. Traditional medicines have long provided front-line pharmacotherapy for many millions of people worldwide. Medicinal extracts are a rich source of therapeutic leads for the pharmaceutical industry. The use of medicinal plant therapies to treat chronic illness, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is thus widespread and on the rise.The aim of this review is to present recent progress in clinical anti-inflammatory studies of plant extracts and compound leads such a…
Clinical pharmacology of citrus aurantium and citrus sinensis for the treatment of anxiety
2018
Objective. The aim of this review is to analyze preclinical and clinical studies investigating the anxiety effects ofCitrus aurantiumorCitrus sinensisessential oils (EOs).Design. The bibliographic research was made on the major scientific databases. Analysis included only articles written in English and published on peer-reviewed scientific journals describing preclinical experiments and clinical trials carried out to investigate the antianxiety effects ofCitrus aurantium or Citrus sinensisEOs on anxiety disorders. Clinical studies reporting the antianxiety effects of products containingCitrus aurantiumorCitrus sinensisEOs in combination with other active substances, including medicinal pla…
An overview of organosulfur compounds from Allium spp.: From processing and preservation to evaluation of their bioavailability, antimicrobial, and a…
2019
The use of Allium species and their extracts has been known since immemorial times due to their health beneficial properties. It is known that functional properties of Allium genus come from the high content of bioactive compounds. The biological activity of Allium extracts will be conditioned by the type of Allium variety, agricultural conditions, and specific extraction process used since all these factors affect the content and the profile of bioactive compounds. Innovative extraction techniques in comparison to conventional processes could be considered as a promising tool to recover bioactive compounds from Allium spp. with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Trying to fill…
Anti-inflammatory activity of flavonoids from Cayaponia tayuya roots.
2008
Taiuiá or tayuya (Cayaponia tayuya, Cucurbitaceae) is a climbing, lignified plant with a large swollen root that has traditionally been used as an anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic agent in the folk medicine of Brazil, Peru, and Colombia.We have assayed the pharmacological properties of a flavonoid fraction obtained from the butanol extract of Cayaponia tayuya roots using two models of topical mouse ear oedema, paying special attention to its influence on the induction on pro-inflammatory enzymes and peptidic mediators.The in vivo experiments involved both the acute oedema induced by a single application of TPA and the subchronic inflammation brought on by repeated applications of TPA. T…
Kaempferol as a dietary anti-inflammatory agent: current therapeutic standing
2020
Inflammation is a physiological response to different pathological, cellular or vascular damages due to physical, chemical or mechanical trauma. It is characterized by pain, redness, heat and swelling. Current natural drugs are carefully chosen as a novel therapeutic strategy for the management of inflammatory diseases. Different phytochemical constituents are present in natural products. These phytochemicals have high efficacy both in vivo and in vitro. Among them, flavonoids occur in many foods, vegetables and herbal medicines and are considered as the most active constituent, having the ability to attenuate inflammation. Kaempferol is a polyphenol that is richly found in fruits, vegetabl…