Search results for "AIH"

Lifespan and skeletal muscle properties the effects of genetic background, physical activity and aging

2016

Obesity and metabolic disorders have become a notable world-wide epidemic. The pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, such as metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, has begun to negatively affect life expectancy of current generations. Low aerobic capacity has shown to be a strong predictor of mortality both in rodents and humans. Exercise is known to increase an individual’s aerobic capacity; interestingly, recent studies have suggested that genetic background may play a significant role in the physical activity level of an individual. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of genetic background and physical activity on skeletal muscle properties, metabolism and lifespan. The …

Behavioral and psychological flexibility in eating regulation among overweight adults

2016

Weight-loss programs are often based on self-control techniques and they commonly fail in long-term weight management. Identifying psychological processes that explain eating behaviors can help to develop more effective interventions for long-term weight management. This research examined how behavioral and psychological flexibility are related to eating regulation and weight management in overweight adults. The first goal was to study the effects of flexible vs. rigid restraint of eating on weight-loss maintenance and well-being. The second goal was to examine whether psychological flexibility and mindfulness, independently and together, explain intuitive eating regulation. The third goal …

A case study of a British ERASMUS student in Italy

2013

This article focuses on the shaping of social identities and emotions of one British young woman who spent a Year Abroad (YA) in Italy as an ERASMUS student. I have examined her negotiation and (re)construction of social identities during her experience abroad from a poststructuralist perspective, which sees individuals’ identities as dynamic and changeable sites of struggles (Norton Pierce, 1995 and 2000). In order to analyse the participant's accounts of her language learning and emotional experiences during her YA I have used the notion of emotional investment developed by Pavlenko (2012). This notion has helped me to understand how, why and to what extent the participant in the study ga…

Toward Comprehensive Plant Microbiome Research

2020

Microbes have driven eco-evolutionary adaptations organizing biodiversity from the origin of life. They are ubiquitous and abundant, facilitating the biochemical processes that make Earth habitable and shape ecosystem structures, functions, and services. Recent studies reveal that commensalistic and beneficial microbes associated with wild and domesticated plants may aid in establishing sustainable agriculture for a changing climate. However, developing microbe-based biotechnologies and ecosystem services requires a thorough understanding of the diversity and complexity of microbial interactions with each other and with higher organisms. We discuss the hot and blind spots in contemporary re…

Maintenance costs of male dominance and sexually antagonistic selection in the wild

2018

Variation in dominance status determines male mating and reproductive success, but natural selection for male dominance can be detrimental or antagonistic for female performance, and ultimately their fitness. Attaining and maintaining a high dominance status in a population of competing individuals is physiologically costly for males. But how male dominance status is mediated by maintenance energetics is currently not well understood, nor are the corresponding effects of male energetics on his sisters recognized. We conducted laboratory and field experiments on rodent populations to test whether selective breeding for male dominance status (dominant vs. subordinate breeding lines) antagonis…

Liikunnan ja ruokavalion vaikutus hiiren maksa- ja lihaskudoksen hienorakenteeseen : morfometrinen tutkimus

2008

Evidence for protein leverage in a general population sample of children and adolescents

2023

Background/ObjectivesThe strong regulation of protein intake can lead to overconsumption of total energy on diets with a low proportion of energy from protein, a process referred to as protein leverage. The protein leverage hypothesis posits that protein leverage explains variation in energy intake and potentially obesity in ecological settings. Here, we tested for protein leverage and the protein leverage hypothesis in children and adolescents.Subjects/MethodsA population sample of children, mean (SD) age 7.6 (0.4) years (n = 422), followed up at age 9.8 (0.4) years (n = 387) and at age 15.8 (0.4) years (n = 229), participating for the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children (PANIC) st…

In vitro glucuronidation of 7-hydroxycoumarin derivatives in intestine and liver microsomes of Beagle dogs

2019

Beagle dog is a standard animal model for evaluating nonclinical pharmacokinetics of new drug candidates. Glucuronidation in intestine and liver is an important first-pass drug metabolic pathway, especially for phenolic compounds. This study evaluated the glucuronidation characteristics of several 7-hydroxycoumarin derivatives in beagle dog's intestine and liver in vitro. To this end, glucuronidation rates of 7-hydroxycoumarin (compound 1), 7-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin (2), 6-methoxy-7-hydroxycoumarin (3), 7-hydroxy-3-(4-tolyl)coumarin (4), 3-(4-fluorophenyl)coumarin (5), 7-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)coumarin (6), 7-hydroxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)coumarin (7), and 7-hydroxy-3-(1H-1,2,4-t…

Sit-stand workstations : effects on occupational sitting time, potential health benefits, and acute postural physiology

2017

Given that a high amount of sedentary behavior is a global health issue, reducing sitting time is emerging as a novel intervention strategy and a workplace health priority. Sit-stand workstations have been introduced to the workplace, and can be used to rotate between sitting and standing postures at work. It is important to develop and evaluate sit-stand interventions that aim to induce behavioral changes and potential health benefits, in order to effectively implement them into practice. Therefore, this thesis examined whether and to what extent sit-stand workstations can reduce occupational sitting and improve health indexes in a real workplace. The thesis included four studies in field …

Esikouluikäisten odotukset alkuopetukseen siirtymisestä kertomuksin ja kuvin

2018

Tämän tutkielman tavoitteena oli selvittää esikouluikäisten odotuksia alkuopetukseen siirtymisestä kertomuksin ja kuvin. Aikaisempaa tutkimusta siirtymävaiheesta esi- ja alkuopetuksen välillä löytyy paljon, mutta lasten näkökulma on jäänyt vähemmälle tarkastelulle ja siksi toteutin tutkimuksen tästä näkökulmasta. Koulusiirtymää tarkasteltiin tutkimuksen teoreettisessa viitekehyksessä Bronfrenbrennerin (1979) ekologisen teorian ja ohjaavien asiakirjojen näkökulmista. Molemmissa näkökulmissa korostetaan vuorovaikutuksen ja yhteistyön merkitystä lapseen vaikuttavien toimintaympäristöjen välillä. Esimerkiksi esi- ja perusopetussuunnitelman tarkoituksena on yhdenmukaisuudellaan edistää lapsen si…