Search results for "ALPHA"
showing 10 items of 3228 documents
Characterization of sensory neurotransmission and its inhibition via alpha 2B-adrenoceptors and via non-alpha 2-receptors in rabbit iris.
1993
To find out whether, and which type of, adrenoceptors mediate prejunctional inhibition of sensory neurotransmitter release from trigeminal fibres, the modulation of twitch response to electrical field stimulation on rabbit isolated iris was investigated. Evoked iris sphincter contractions consisted of a minor fast cholinergic and a large slow component. The latter was unaffected by atropine and guanethidine, hence nonadrenergic noncholinergic in nature (NANC), but nearly completely abolished by capsaicin pretreatment and by the neurokinin receptor antagonist spantide. The response was probably not mediated by NK2 receptors as SR 48,968, an NK2 selective nonpeptide antagonist, failed to redu…
Mast cells in allergic asthma and beyond.
2010
Mast cells have been regarded for a long time as effector cells in IgE mediated type I reactions and in host defence against parasites. However, they are resident in all environmental exposed tissues and express a wide variety of receptors, suggesting that these cells can also function as sentinels in innate immune responses. Indeed, studies have demonstrated an important role of mast cells during the induction of life-saving antibacterial responses. Furthermore, recent findings have shown that mast cells promote and modulate the development of adaptive immune responses, making them an important hinge of innate and acquired immunity. In addition, mast cells and several mast cell-produced me…
Effects of in vitro treatment with fluticasone propionate on natural killer and lymphokine-induced killer activity in asthmatic and healthy individua…
2001
Background: Topical corticosteroids are beneficial in the treatment of allergic respiratory disorders; they exert effects on a number of cells involved in allergic inflammatory reactions. On the other hand, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-unrestricted cytotoxicity (i.e., natural killer [NK] cell activity) may play a role in the inflammatory allergic reaction. The objective was to gain insight into the mechanisms of the therapeutic effects of fluticasone propionate (FP), an inhaled corticosteroid used in asthma and rhinitis therapy. Therefore, we evaluated the NK and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity of effector cells in vitro treated or not with FP. Methods: Evaluations were…
Dual role of interleukin-1alpha in delayed-type hypersensitivity and airway hyperresponsiveness.
2009
<i>Background:</i> Using a T helper (Th)1/Th2 disease model, we previously showed that genetically determined Th development depends on dendritic cell-derived interleukin (IL)-1α. In <i>Leishmania major</i> infections, Th1 immunity develops if IL-1α is present during T cell priming, whereas at later time points, IL-1α worsens disease outcome. In the present study, we determined the role of IL-1α in other Th2-mediated diseases. <i>Methods:</i> BALB/c mice were subjected to delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) or ovalbumin (OVA)/alum-induced allergic asthma in the presence or absence of IL-1α. <i>Results:</i> In DTH, mice treated with IL-1α durin…
T cell killing by tolerogenic dendritic cells protects mice from allergy.
2011
It is well established that allergy development can be prevented by repeated low-dose exposure to contact allergens. Exactly which immune mechanisms are responsible for this so-called low zone tolerance (LZT) is not clear, although CD8⁺ suppressor T cells are known to have a role. Here, we show that TNF released by tolerogenic CD11⁺CD8⁺ DCs located in skin-draining lymph nodes is required and sufficient for development of tolerance to contact allergens in mice. DC-derived TNF protected mice from contact allergy by inducing apoptosis in allergen-specific effector CD8⁺ T cells via TNF receptor 2 but did not contribute to the generation and function of the regulatory T cells associated with LZ…
Telomere attrition in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of children with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
2015
Background: Our research group have demonstrated that oxidative stress (OS) is involved in the pathophysiology of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) (Escribano A. et al. Thorax 2015;70:82-3). In addition, many evidences have shown that OS accelerates telomere shortening in several lung pathologies. Short telomeres have been associated to higher emphysema risk in COPD patients. Rationale: Since AATD is characterised by chronic OS, we hypothesise that telomere shortening would be accelerated in AATD patients and would be associated with higher risk of developing lung disease. Aims: To assess telomere length (TL) in AATD patients and to study its association with AAT phenotypes. Methods: TL…
El rol de la escuela en formación democrática: diseño de un cuestionario
2021
El papel de los centros educativos en la formación democrática es fundamental para construir sociedades más equitativas e inclusivas. La literatura destaca la falta de instrumentos de evaluación de estrategias de apoyo en este ámbito con propiedades psicométricas adecuadas. El objetivo del trabajo fue construir el cuestionario 'Convivencia y participación democrática en los centros educativos' a partir de la validación por jueces y análisis de fiabilidad mediante un estudio piloto. Respecto a los jueces, participaron 16 expertos en la temática y aspectos metodológicos y en cuanto al pilotaje, se contó con 136 directores de escuela. Se analizó la validez de contenido y fiabilidad del instrum…
Fiabilidad y validez de constructo de la traducción al valenciano/catalán del Cuestionario para la Evaluación del Síndrome de Quemarse por el trabajo…
2021
The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and construct validity of the Valencian/Catalonian version of the Spanish Burnout Inventory (SBI) in a sample of non-university teachers from the Valencia province (Spain). The sample consisted of 1359 teachers (67.2% were women). This instrument contains 20 items distributed into four dimensions: Enthusiasm toward the job (5 items), Psychological exhaustion (4 items), Indolence (6 items) and Guilt (5 items). The psychometric properties were examined through the following analyses: confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and reliability (Cronbach’s alpha). All items achieved appropriate values for both statistical and psychometric parameters,…
Predicción de la lealtad de los usuarios de centros deportivos privados. Variables de gestión y bienestar subjetivo (Prediction of the loyalty of cos…
2019
Una de las finalidades más importantes en el contexto de los servicios deportivos es conocer cuáles son las intenciones futuras del usuario, por ello tratar de analizar la lealtad del usuario, se ha convertido en una de los objetivos principales dentro de la gestión del deporte, en concreto, los centros deportivos. Por ello, el objetivo es conocer que influencia tienen las demás variables de gestión y el bienestar subjetivo sobre esta dimensión que mide las intenciones futuras del usuario, como es la lealtad. La muestra de este trabajo estaba formada por 303 usuarios de la instalación deportiva (164 hombres, 139 mujeres). Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó con el programa SPSS v.23. To…
Validity and reliability of electroencephalographic frontal alpha asymmetry and frontal midline theta as biomarkers for depression
2012
Electroencephalographic (EEG) frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) and frontal midline (FM) theta have been suggested as biomarkers for depression and anxiety, but have mostly been assessed in small and non-clinical studies. In a clinical sample of 79 adults with depression (ICD-10: F32), resting EEG and scales of depression (MADRS) and anxiety (HADS-A) were measured at intake and after 3 months. FAA and FM theta values were referenced to a normative population database. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and correlations with psychiatric tests were examined. Reliability was sufficient. However, FAA and FM theta values were close to the general population, and correlations with psychia…