Search results for "APT"
showing 10 items of 5479 documents
Off-line control of the postprandial glycemia in type 1 diabetes patients by a fuzzy logic decision support
2012
The target of this paper is to describe the use of fuzzy techniques in the development of a decision support system that allows the optimization of postprandial glycemia in type 1 diabetes patients taking into account the kind of meal taken by patients, the preprandial glycemia and the insulin resistance (the response of the body to insulin dose injection therapy). The decision support system can, in many cases, provide patients with the correct number of rapid insulin units that must be assumed to assure an optimal glycemic profile, keeping the blood glucose level close to the homeostatic condition, several hours after the meal.
Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Deep Brain Stimulation Think Tank: Advances in Optogenetics, Ethical Issues Affecting DBS Research, Neuromodulatory …
2021
We estimate that 208,000 deep brain stimulation (DBS) devices have been implanted to address neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders worldwide. DBS Think Tank presenters pooled data and determined that DBS expanded in its scope and has been applied to multiple brain disorders in an effort to modulate neural circuitry. The DBS Think Tank was founded in 2012 providing a space where clinicians, engineers, researchers from industry and academia discuss current and emerging DBS technologies and logistical and ethical issues facing the field. The emphasis is on cutting edge research and collaboration aimed to advance the DBS field. The Eighth Annual DBS Think Tank was held virtually on Septem…
Effects of nicotine receptor agonists on acetylcholine release from the isolated motor nerve, small intestine and trachea of rats and guinea-pigs
1992
The effects of nicotine receptor agonists on the release of [3H]acetylcholine from the phrenic nerve, the small intestine and the trachea were investigated to characterize neuronal nicotine receptors within the peripheral nervous system. Contraction of the indirectly-stimulated hemidiaphragm was recorded to investigate desensitization of the postsynaptic muscular nicotine receptors. Nicotine, cytisine, 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium and 2-(4-aminophenyl)-ethyl-trimethyl-ammoniumiodide caused a concentration-dependent (0.1-30 microM) increase in evoked [3H]acetylcholine release from the phrenic nerve, whereby bell-shaped concentration-response curves were obtained. The rank order of decre…
Do human concepti have the potential to enter into diapause?
1999
Although there is no direct evidence as to whether human concepti have the potential to enter into diapause before implantation, the possibility that human concepti may be capable of following this developmental pathway if exposed to an appropriate environment cannot be ruled out. Direct evidence remains elusive because of the ethical restraints associated with research activities within this area of knowledge. If conceptus diapause has evolved in primates and persists at the present time despite its apparent limited or no adaptive advantage, artificial induction of diapause in humans may have clinical implications for increasing: (i) the viability of concepti after biopsy, freezing-thawing…
Effects of Two Different ACE Inhibitors, Captopril and Delapril, in the Early Phases of Acute Anterior Myocardial Infarction
1999
Objective: This study was aimed at investigating the effects of captopril or delapril before and just after thrombolysis in acute anterior myocardial infarction (AMI). Patients and Methods: Study participants consisted of 89 patients, hospitalised within 4 hours of the onset of symptoms. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: the first group (45 patients, pretreatment group) received captopril 6.25mg or delapril 7.5mg orally about 15 minutes before intravenous administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) 100mg; the second group (44 patients, late-treatment group) received captopril or delapril about 4 to 6 hours after thrombolytic treatment. Captopril/delapril…
Toxicity effects of the organic UV-filter 4-Methylbenzylidene camphor in zebrafish embryos
2019
Abstract Ultraviolet (UV) filters are widely used in personal care products and due to their lipophilicity these chemicals tend to bioaccumulate in the aquatic biota. 4-Methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC) is one of the most used UV-filters, and it is commonly detected in freshwater fish tissues. This substance is suspected to be an endocrine disruptor due to its interaction with Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Gonadal (HPG) and HP-Thyroid (HPT)-axis. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of 4-MBC on apical endpoints, biochemical markers and on genes involved in endocrine pathways in Danio rerio. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 4-MBC (0.083–0.77 mg/l) from 0 to 96 h post-fertil…
Effects of ovariectomy and steroid replacement on GABAA receptor binding in female rat brain.
1991
Abstract The specific binding of tritiated muscimol to γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor sites was studied in distinct brain areas of female rats during different endocrine states. In diestrous rats with intact ovaries the highest receptor densities were found in the cortex (10.24 pmol/mg protein) and the lowest concentrations in the mediobasal hypothalamus (3.29 pmol/mg protein). Four weeks after removal of the ovaries, the number of binding sites was enhanced up to 2.4-fold in all brain areas investigated: the preoptic brain area, mediobasal hypothalamus, corticomedial amygdala, and cerebral cortex. The affinity of the binding sites remained unchanged. Substitution of estradiol and prog…
Functional relevance of presynaptic muscarinic autoreceptors.
1993
Pre- and postsynaptic muscarinic receptors have been characterized in the isolated trachea and ileal circular muscle of the guinea pig. The muscarinic autoreceptors mediating inhibition of acetylcholine release in the circular muscle belong to the M1 subtype, whereas those inhibiting acetylcholine release in the trachea are M2 or M4 receptors. In both tissues the postsynaptic muscarinic receptors are M3 receptors. Blockade of the autoreceptors by selective M1 and M2/M4 receptor antagonists leads to facilitation of cholinergic neurotransmission.
Microarray-based mutation analysis of 183 Spanish families with Usher syndrome.
2010
PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to test the ability of the genotyping microarray for Usher syndrome (USH) to identify the mutations responsible for the disease in a cohort of 183 patients with USH. METHODS. DNA from 183 patients with Usher syndrome from the Spanish population was analyzed using a genotyping microarray containing 429 previously identified disease-associated variants in eight USH genes. Mutations detected by the array were confirmed by direct sequencing. Haplotype analysis was also performed in families carrying common Spanish mutations. RESULTS. The genotyping microarray identified 43 different variants, divided into 32 disease causative and 11 probably non-pathologic…
gamma-Aminobutyric acid and cholinergic transmission in the guinea-pig ileum.
1983
1. The effects of GABA on release of acetylcholine and on contractility of the smooth muscle were studied in the myenteric plexus-longitudinal muscle preparation of the guinea pig. Acetylcholine was determined as radiolabelled transmitter from strips preloaded with 3H-choline. 2. GABA (1–300 μM) caused an increase in resting tension of smooth muscle as well as an increase in release of acetylcholine that was considerably reduced by tetrodotoxin. The facilitation by GABA of acetylcholine release exhibited a marked tachyphylaxis. The increase in muscle tension was clearly related to the increase in acetylcholine release. Muscimol (0.1–10 μM) also enhanced the release of acetylcholine. The eff…