Search results for "AROUSAL"
showing 10 items of 196 documents
OBESITY AND EMOTIONAL AROUSAL AND CONTROL IN CHILDREN AGED 8 TO 11 YEARS
2018
The purpose of this study is to present the results obtained in the base of the opinion of 95 children from general schools of Sibiu city in Romania, collected during a survey regarding emotional reactivity (arousal) and regulatory capacity (control) in early adolescence. Data were stratified by BMI in order to analyze the relationship between obesity and emotional arousal and control in case of young adolescents. A 30-item self-reporting multidimensional instrument HIF (How I Feel) created by Walden, Harris & Carton in 2003 was used. The questionnaire items refer to five different emotions: happy, sad, excited, scared and mad. Significant differences between the three subgroups (normal wei…
Persistence of the effects of the covid-19 lockdown on sleep: A longitudinal study
2021
The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on sleep have been widely documented, but longitudinal evaluations during different phases of the “COVID-19 era” are needed to disentangle the specific consequences of the r145estrictive measures on sleep variables. The aim of this study was to assess the immediate effect of the lockdown’s end on sleep and sleep-related dimensions in an Italian sample, also considering the stress and depressive symptoms. We used an online survey to longitudinally collect data on sociodemographic, environmental, clinical, sleep, and sleep-related variables in two time points: during and immediately after the lockdown. The final sample included 102 participants. The large …
Trajectories of change in reading self-efficacy: A longitudinal analysis of self-efficacy and its sources
2021
The beliefs children hold about their capabilities as readers are known to influence their reading achievement. The aim of this study was to extend previous work by examining trajectories of change in reading self-efficacy among primary school students (N = 1327) and the relations between the trajectories of self-efficacy and their hypothesized sources over 11 months. Using growth mixture modeling, we identified four trajectories of change in reading self-efficacy, involving increasing, stable, and declining trends. These trajectories of change in reading self-efficacy were associated with students’ varying experiences with the four sources of self-efficacy over time. Higher levels of maste…
A novel arousal-based individual screening reveals susceptibility and resilience to PTSD-like phenotypes in mice
2021
Translational animal models for studying post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are valuable for elucidating the poorly understood neurobiology of this neuropsychiatric disorder. These models should encompass crucial features, including persistence of PTSD-like phenotypes triggered after exposure to a single traumatic event, trauma susceptibility/resilience and predictive validity. Here we propose a novel arousal-based individual screening (AIS) model that recapitulates all these features. The AIS model was designed by coupling the traumatization (24 h restraint) of C57BL/6 J mice with a novel individual screening. This screening consists of z-normalization of post-trauma changes in startle …
Reaction time paradigms in subjects at risk for schizophrenia.
1994
Abstract Deviant response patterns in experimental reaction time paradigms in schizophrenic probands are well documented. Although simple reaction times are strongly influenced by the current psychopathological status of the proband (e.g. florid psychotic patients versus remitted patients) these influences are less clear for measures obtained from more complex reaction time paradigms. These include the crossover paradigm (reaction time to stimuli presented after constant preparatory intervals in comparison to reaction time to stimuli presented after irregular preparatory intervals) and the modality shift paradigm (reaction time to a stimulus (light or tone) when the modality of the stimulus…
The impact of the endogenous subtype on the familial aggregation of unipolar depression.
1991
The endogenous/non-endogenous distinction of unipolar major depression is widely accepted, as is the family study approach to the validation of diagnostic distinctions. Rates of affective disorders were examined in 689 first-degree relatives of 184 patients with unipolar major depression and were compared with 312 first-degree relatives of 80 healthy controls. Only unipolar depression and alcoholism were more common in families of depressed probands compared with families of healthy controls. As a variety of diagnostic definitions of endogenous depression have been proposed, probands and relatives were diagnosed in a polydiagnostic manner. None of the five diagnostic definitions of endogeno…
Predicting emotions in music using the onset curve
2021
The relationship between parameters extracted from the musical stimuli and emotional response has been traditionally approached using several physical measures extracted from time or frequency domains. From time-domain measures, the musical onset is defined as the moment in that any musical instrument or human voice issues a musical note. The onsets’ sequence in the performance of a specific musical score creates what is known as the onset curve (OC). The influence of the structure of OC on the emotional judgment of people is not known. To this end, we have applied principal component analysis on a complete set of variables extracted from the OC to capture their statistical structure. We h…
Psychosis Is Not Illness but a Survival Strategy in Severe Stress: A Proposal for an Addition to a Phenomenological Point of View
2018
Phenomenology often looks at psychosis as a defined pathological state. In this paper, psychosis is not seen as a (pathological) state but as a way to respond in extreme stress. It is psychological functioning of the embodied and relational mind, and psychotic experience can be seen as one form of affective arousal among any other affects. Taken the point of views of Emmanuel Levinas and Mikhail Bakhtin about the primacy of living in responsive relationships, psychotic behavior is seen as emerging in relationships that do not guarantee adequate responses and thus the subject is imposed to isolate from social relationships and developing odd behavior. If dialogical responses are guaranteed, …
Manipulating feedback on schizophrenia: Evidence from a Posner task.
2021
Abstract Individuals with schizophrenia show difficulties in achieving vital objectives. Abnormal behavioral and emotional responses to environmental feedback may be some of the psychological mechanisms underlying this lack of goal attainment in schizophrenia. The present study aims to assess how different types of feedback may affect performance in a computerized affective Posner task (non-monetary vs. monetary rewards; contingent vs. non-contingent feedback). The sample was composed of 32 patients with schizophrenia and 35 controls. Reaction times and error rates were the behavioral measurements. The emotional experience was assessed through self-reported affective scales. The results ind…
The effect of resonance frequency breathing when used as a preparatory exercise in music psychotherapy : A single-case experimental study of a client…
2017
This study aimed at evaluating the possible benefits of starting Integrative Improvisational Music Therapy (IIMT) sessions with 10 min of Resonance Frequency Breathing (RFB), a type of slow breathing known to be beneficial for stress reduction and emotional regulation. A client diagnosed with anxiety disorder and social phobia attended 12 IIMT sessions. Using an alternating treatments design, RFB was systematically alternated with a control intervention (vibroacoustic therapy, VAT). Therapy processes were assessed through the Session Evaluation Questionnaire (SEQ) and the continuous measurement of heart rate variability (HRV), a biomarker of autonomic nervous system response. RFB was consis…