Search results for "ARTICLES"

showing 10 items of 9626 documents

Terveydenhuolto ja kyberuhkat

2019

Kyberturvallisuusstrategian vision mukaan Suomen tulee kyetä suojaamaan elintärkeät toimintonsa kyberuhkaa vastaan kaikissa tilanteissa. Terveydenhuolto on yksi elintärkeistä toiminnoista. Terveystoimiala on kyberhyökkäysten top-5-listalla ensimmäisenä. Hyökkäysten keskeisin motivaatio on potilastietojen arvo pimeillä markkinoilla. Vuonna 2015 varastettiin yli satamiljoonaa potilastietoa, jotka sisältävät rikollisille arvokkaita tietoja, kuten luottokorttinumeroita, työnantajatietoja ja sairaushistoriatietoja. Tässä artikkelissa kuvataan terveydenhuoltoon liittyviä kyberuhkia, kyberhaavoittuvuuksia ja toteutuneita kyberhyökkäyksiä kybermaailman eri ulottuvuudet kattaen. Tarkastelussa käytet…

health care [http://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p2641]kyberturvallisuus [http://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p26189]cyber threatcritical infrastructurekyberuhkaterveydenhuoltoterveydenhoitocyber security [http://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p26189]kyberturvallisuusMuut artikkelit / Other articleskriittinen infrastruktuuriterveydenhuolto [http://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p2658]Finnish Journal of eHealth and eWelfare
researchProduct

Jet-like correlations with neutral pion triggers in pp and central Pb–Pb collisions at 2.76 TeV

2016

Physics letters / B B763, 238 - 250 (2016). doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2016.10.048

heavy ion: scattering:Kjerne- og elementærpartikkelfysikk: 431 [VDP]ROOT-S(NN)=200 GEVQUARK-GLUON PLASMA; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM DEPENDENCE; LEAD-LEAD COLLISIONS; ROOT-S(NN)=2.76 TEV; ROOT-S-NN=2.76 TEV; ATLAS DETECTOR; SUPPRESSION; COLLABORATION; PERSPECTIVE; HADRONSHadronATLAS DETECTORCOLLABORATION01 natural sciencespi: triggerfragmentation functionParticle identificationHigh Energy Physics - ExperimentQUARK-GLUON PLASMAHADRON CORRELATIONSHigh Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)ALICEp-Pb collisionsANISOTROPIC FLOWLEAD-LEADscattering [p p][PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex]Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)ROOT-S(NN)=2.76 TEVPERSPECTIVENuclear ExperimentMonte CarloNuclear ExperimentPhysicsTime projection chamberHADRONSPerturbative QCDneutral pion ; lead-lead ; correlationsuppressioncharged particlelcsh:QC1-999Charged particleTRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM DEPENDENCE CENTRAL AU+AU COLLISIONS LEAD-LEAD COLLISIONS PLUS AU COLLISIONS QUARK-GLUON PLASMA HADRON CORRELATIONS ROOT-S-NN=2.76 TEV ROOT-S(NN)=200 GEV CHARGED-PARTICLES ANISOTROPIC FLOW.:Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Physics: 430::Nuclear and elementary particle physics: 431 [VDP]PRIRODNE ZNANOSTI. Fizika.:Nuclear and elementary particle physics: 431 [VDP]CHARGED-PARTICLESflowLEAD-LEAD COLLISIONSperturbation theory [quantum chromodynamics]correlation: two-particleCOLLISIONSParticle physicsp p: scatteringPLUS AU COLLISIONSNuclear and High Energy PhysicseducationVDP::Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Fysikk: 430::Kjerne- og elementærpartikkelfysikk: 431FOS: Physical sciences[PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex]transverse momentumtriggerstrigger [pi]114 Physical sciencesQUARK-GLUON PLASMA; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM DEPENDENCE; LEAD-LEAD; COLLISIONS; ROOT-S(NN)=2.76 TEV; ROOT-S-NN=2.76 TEV; ATLAS DETECTOR; SUPPRESSION; COLLABORATION; PERSPECTIVE; HADRONS530ROOT-S-NN=2.76 TEVNuclear physicsPionTRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM DEPENDENCEscattering [heavy ion]0103 physical sciencesFragmentation functionddc:530Nuclear Physics - Experimentquantum chromodynamics: perturbation theory010306 general physicscapturetwo-particle correlationstwo-particle [correlation]enhancementSUPPRESSIONneutral pionVDP::Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Physics: 430::Nuclear and elementary particle physics: 431ta114CENTRAL AU+AU COLLISIONS010308 nuclear & particles physicsbackground:Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Fysikk: 430::Kjerne- og elementærpartikkelfysikk: 431 [VDP]NATURAL SCIENCES. Physics.lead-leadcorrelationQuark–gluon plasmaproton-proton collisionsHigh Energy Physics::Experimenthadronlcsh:Physics
researchProduct

Flow dominance and factorization of transverse momentum correlations in Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC

2017

Physical review letters 118(16), 162302 (2017). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.162302

heavy ion: scattering:Kjerne- og elementærpartikkelfysikk: 431 [VDP]transverse momentum [correlation function]correlation [momentum]550Pb-PbPb-Pb collisionsGeneral Physics and Astronomyhiukkasfysiikkanucl-exPP01 natural sciencesHigh Energy Physics - ExperimentHigh Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)ALICEDEPENDENCEddc:550Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)ROOT-S(NN)=2.76 TEVNuclear ExperimentPERSPECTIVENuclear ExperimentPhysics and Astronomy (all); ALICE; LHCPhysicscorrelation function: transverse momentumPhysicsflow ; transverse ; momentum ; Pb-Pbtransverse momentum: correlationtwo-particleHanbury-Brown-Twiss effect:Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Physics: 430::Nuclear and elementary particle physics: 431 [VDP]PRIRODNE ZNANOSTI. Fizika.transverseTransverse planeCorrelation function (statistical mechanics)CERN LHC Coll:Nuclear and elementary particle physics: 431 [VDP]flowPseudorapidityLHCParticle Physics - ExperimentdeconfinementParticle physicscollectiveVDP::Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Fysikk: 430::Kjerne- og elementærpartikkelfysikk: 431FOS: Physical sciencesmomentumtriangulationPhysics and Astronomy(all)[PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex]114 Physical sciencesBethe ansatzMomentumNuclear physicsCENTRALITYPhysics and Astronomy (all)statistical analysisFactorizationscattering [heavy ion]Relativistic heavy-ion collisions0103 physical sciencesALICE / ALICE2760 GeV-cmsNuclear Physics - ExperimentRapiditystructurenumerical calculations010306 general physicsNuclear Physicstwo-particle transverse momentum differential correlation functionAnsatzleadDEPENDENCE PERSPECTIVE CENTRALITY PP.ta114VDP::Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Physics: 430::Nuclear and elementary particle physics: 431hep-ex010308 nuclear & particles physics:Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Fysikk: 430::Kjerne- og elementærpartikkelfysikk: 431 [VDP]momentum: correlationBethe ansatzROOT-S(NN)=2.76 TEV; DEPENDENCE; PERSPECTIVE; PPNATURAL SCIENCES. Physics.rapiditypile-uptransverse momentum: factorizationfactorization [transverse momentum]correlation [transverse momentum]experimental results
researchProduct

Features of W production in p-p, p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions

2017

We consider the production of inclusive W bosons in variety of high-energy hadronic collisions: p--p, p--$\overline{\rm p}$, p--Pb, and Pb--Pb. In particular, we focus on the resulting distributions of charged leptons from W decay that can be measured with relatively low backgrounds. The leading-order expressions within the collinearly factorized QCD indicate that the center-of-mass energy dependence at forward/backward rapidities should be well approximated by a simple power law. The scaling exponent is related to the small-$x$ behaviour of the quark distributions, which is largely driven by the parton evolution. An interesting consequence is the simple scaling law for the lepton charge as…

heavy ion: scatteringHadronPb-Pb collisionsPartonElementary particle02 engineering and technologycomputer.software_genrePower lawHigh Energy Physics - ExperimentHigh Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)background: lowHigh Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineering[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex]050107 human factorsBosonQuantum chromodynamicsPhysicsDatabasehigher-order: 0Hadronic collisionsCharge asymmetries05 social sciencesscalinghep-phCharged leptonsHigh Energy Physics - PhenomenologyCERN LHC CollParticle Physics - ExperimentQuarkInelastic scatteringParticle physicssmall-xquark: distribution functionp p: scatteringFOS: Physical sciencesW: decay114 Physical sciencesenergy dependence[ PHYS.HEXP ] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex]W: productionquantum chromodynamicsanti-p p: scatteringCollision systems0501 psychology and cognitive sciencesHigh energy physicsp nucleus: scatteringBosonsParticle Physics - Phenomenologyhep-exlepton: charge: asymmetryfactorization: collinearHigh Energy Physics::PhenomenologyElementary particlesScaling exponent Lead alloys020207 software engineeringBinary alloysW bosonsLeading ordersrapidityevolution equation[PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph][ PHYS.HPHE ] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph]High Energy Physics::Experimentcomputerhigh-energy hadronic collisionsLead Center-of-mass energiesLepton
researchProduct

Quarkonium suppression in heavy-ion collisions: an open quantum system approach

2016

We address the evolution of heavy-quarkonium states in an expanding quark-gluon plasma by implementing effective field theory techniques in the framework of open quantum systems. In this setting we compute the nuclear modification factors for quarkonia that are $S$-wave Coulombic bound states in a strongly-coupled quark-gluon plasma. The calculation is performed at an accuracy that is leading-order in the heavy-quark density expansion and next-to-leading order in the multipole expansion. The quarkonium density-matrix evolution equations can be written in the Lindblad form, and, hence, they account for both dissociation and recombination. Thermal mass shifts, thermal widths and the Lindblad …

heavy ion: scatteringNuclear TheoryHigh Energy Physics::Latticequarkonium: productionhiukkasfysiikka01 natural sciences7. Clean energyHigh Energy Physics - ExperimentOpen quantum systemHigh Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)Bound stateEffective field theory[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex]Nuclear Experiment[ PHYS.NUCL ] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th]quark gluon: plasmaPhysicsLindblad equationquarkonium: suppressionopen quantum systemsQuarkoniumHigh Energy Physics - PhenomenologyQuantum electrodynamicsquarkoniummomentum: diffusion[PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th]FOS: Physical sciencesdissociationMomentum diffusionNuclear Theory (nucl-th)[ PHYS.HEXP ] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex]Quantum mechanics0103 physical sciencesplasma: expansionparticle physics010306 general physicsheavy quark: momentumta114010308 nuclear & particles physicsHigh Energy Physics::Phenomenologynuclear matter: effectrecombinationUpsilon(10020)evolution equation[PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph]Quark–gluon plasma[ PHYS.HPHE ] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph]High Energy Physics::ExperimentMultipole expansionUpsilon(9460)
researchProduct

Event-by-event picture for the medium-induced jet evolution

2016

We discuss the evolution of an energetic jet which propagates through a dense quark-gluon plasma and radiates gluons due to its interactions with the medium. Within perturbative QCD, this evolution can be described as a stochastic branching process, that we have managed to solve exactly. We present exact, analytic, results for the gluon spectrum (the average gluon distribution) and for the higher n-point functions, which describe correlations and fluctuations. Using these results, we construct the event-by-event picture of the gluon distribution produced via medium-induced gluon branching. In contrast to what happens in a usual QCD cascade in vacuum, the medium-induced branchings are quasi-…

heavy ion: scatteringNuclear Theoryn-point functionHigh Energy Physics::LatticeNuclear TheoryPartonJet (particle physics)gluon: multiplicity01 natural sciencesHigh Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)scaling: KNONuclear Experiment[ PHYS.NUCL ] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th]quark gluon: plasmamedia_commonQuantum chromodynamicsPhysicsPhysicsgluon: productionPerturbative QCDmatter: effectjet: asymmetrycascadeHigh Energy Physics - PhenomenologyCERN LHC CollNuclear and High Energy PhysicsParticle physics[PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th]media_common.quotation_subjectQC1-999energy lossFOS: Physical sciencesjet: correlationformulaAsymmetryNuclear physicsNuclear Theory (nucl-th)gluon: spectrum0103 physical sciencesquantum chromodynamicsstochasticquantum chromodynamics: perturbation theory010306 general physicsScalingBranching processquantum chromodynamics: matterta114010308 nuclear & particles physicsgluon: fluctuationHigh Energy Physics::Phenomenologydijet: asymmetrygluon distributionGluonjet: energy losscorrelation[PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph]Quark–gluon plasma[ PHYS.HPHE ] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph]gluon: radiationHigh Energy Physics::Experimentjet: quenchingEvent (particle physics)jet evolution
researchProduct

Approach to equilibrium of a quarkonium in a quark-gluon plasma

2018

We derive equations of motion for the reduced density matrix of a heavy quarkonium in contact with a quark-gluon plasma in thermal equilibrium. These equations allow in particular a proper treatment of the regime when the temperature of the plasma is comparable to the binding energy of the quarkonium. These equations are used to study how the quarkonium approaches equilibrium with the plasma, and we discuss the corresponding entropy increase, or free energy decrease, depending on the temperature regime. The effect of collisions can be accounted for by the generalization of the imaginary potential introduced in previous studies, and from which collision rates are derived. An important outcom…

heavy ion: scatteringNuclear Theoryquark-gluon plasmaplasma: temperature[PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th]High Energy Physics::LatticeBinding energyFOS: Physical sciencesdensity matrix: reducedhiukkasfysiikka01 natural sciencesNuclear Theory (nucl-th)heavy quark: productionHigh Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)quarkonium: heavy0103 physical sciencesparticle physicsStrong Interactions010306 general physicsNuclear Experimentquark gluon: plasmaPhysicsThermal equilibriumquarkonium: binding energyta114010308 nuclear & particles physicsHigh Energy Physics::PhenomenologyEquations of motionPlasmafield equationsQuarkoniumCollisionpotential: complexHigh Energy Physics - PhenomenologyQuantum electrodynamicsheavy quark: propagation[PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph]Quark–gluon plasmaProper treatment
researchProduct

Evolution of fluctuations in the initial state of heavy-ion collisions from RHIC to LHC

2019

Fluctuations in the initial state of heavy-ion collisions are larger at RHIC energy than at LHC energy. This fact can be inferred from recent measurements of the fluctuations of the particle multiplicities and of elliptic flow performed at the two different energies. We show that an analytical description of the initial energy-density field and its fluctuations motivated by the color glass condensate (CGC) effective theory predicts and quantitatively captures the measured energy evolution of these observables. The crucial feature is that fluctuations in the CGC scale like the inverse of the saturation scale of the nuclei.

heavy ion: scatteringScale (ratio)Field (physics)Nuclear Theory[PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th]FOS: Physical sciences[PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex]7. Clean energy01 natural sciencesColor-glass condensateHigh Energy Physics - ExperimentNuclear physicsNuclear Theory (nucl-th)High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)0103 physical sciencesEffective field theory[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex]Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)010306 general physicsinitial stateNuclear ExperimentNuclear ExperimentBrookhaven RHIC CollPhysicsLarge Hadron Collider010308 nuclear & particles physicsfluctuationelliptic flowparticle: multiplicityElliptic flowObservableHigh Energy Physics - PhenomenologyCERN LHC Coll[PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph]color glass condensateParticlescale: saturation
researchProduct

First measurement of the |t|-dependence of coherent J/ψ photonuclear production

2021

The first measurement of the dependence on $|t|$, the square of the momentum transferred between the incoming and outgoing target nucleus, of coherent J/ψ photoproduction is presented. The data were measured with the ALICE detector in ultra-peripheral Pb-Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 5.02$ TeV with the J/$\psi$ produced in the central rapidity region $|y| < 0.8$, which corresponds to the small Bjorken-$x$ range $(0.3 − 1.4) \times 10 ^{−3}$. The measured $|t|$-dependence is not described by computations based only on the Pb nuclear form factor, while the photonuclear cross section is better reproduced by models including shadowing according t…

heavy ion: scatteringnucleon: pairVDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Fysikk: 430::Kjerne- og elementærpartikkelfysikk: 431nucl-ex01 natural sciencesSquare (algebra)ALICEJ/psi(3100): photoproduction[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex]Nuclear ExperimentQuantum chromodynamicsPhysicsPhysicsForm factor (quantum field theory)ultra-peripheral collisionsdependence [impact parameter]J/psi ALICE Pb-Pb collisionsBalitsky-Kovchegov equationQuarkoniumddc:3. Good healthPHOTOPRODUCTIONshadowingNucleonParticle Physics - ExperimentPB-PB COLLISIONSNuclear and High Energy PhysicsQC1-999nucleus: form factor[PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex]MomentumNuclear physicsPHYSICSCross section (physics)heavy-ion collisions ultra-peripheral collisions quarkoniaphotoproduction [J/psi(3100)]scattering [heavy ion]0103 physical sciencesNuclear Physics - Experimentddc:530Rapidity5020 GeV-cms/nucleonHeavy Ion experiments010306 general physicsimpact parameter: dependencehep-ex010308 nuclear & particles physicsnucleus: targetpair [nucleon]photonuclear productionheavy-ion collisionsquarkoniaform factor [nucleus]PB-PB COLLISIONS; PHOTOPRODUCTION; PHYSICStarget [nucleus]J/PsicoherenceJ/psi(3100): photoproduction ; impact parameter: dependence ; nucleus: form factor ; nucleus: target ; nucleon: pair ; heavy ion: scattering ; coherence ; Balitsky-Kovchegov equation ; shadowing ; rapidity ; ALICE ; experimental results ; 5020 GeV-cms/nucleonrapidityphotonuclear production J/Psi Pb-Pb collisionsHigh Energy Physics::Experimentexperimental results
researchProduct

Quantum and classical dynamics of heavy quarks in a quark-gluon plasma

2018

We derive equations for the time evolution of the reduced density matrix of a collection of heavy quarks and antiquarks immersed in a quark gluon plasma. These equations, in their original form, rely on two approximations: the weak coupling between the heavy quarks and the plasma, the fast response of the plasma to the perturbation caused by the heavy quarks. An additional semi-classical approximation is performed. This allows us to recover results previously obtained for the abelian plasma using the influence functional formalism. In the case of QCD, specific features of the color dynamics make the implementation of the semi-classical approximation more involved. We explore two approximate…

heavy quarksheavy ion: scatteringNuclear Theoryapproximation: semiclassicalHigh Energy Physics::LatticeMonte Carlo methoddensity matrix: reducedhiukkasfysiikkaquantum chromodynamics: plasma01 natural sciencesBoltzmann equationLangevin equationHigh Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)quarkonium: heavyquantum electrodynamicsQuarkonium suppression[ PHYS.NUCL ] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th]quark gluon: plasmaMathematical physics[PHYS]Physics [physics]Quantum chromodynamicsPhysicsquarkonium: suppressionBoltzmann equationquark gluon plasmaLangevin equationHigh Energy Physics - Phenomenologyheavy quark: couplingQuarkNuclear and High Energy Physicsquark-gluon plasma[PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th]FOS: Physical sciencesNuclear Theory (nucl-th)quantum chromodynamics0103 physical scienceslcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivityheavy quarkstochastic010306 general physicsplasma: weak couplingta114010308 nuclear & particles physicsHigh Energy Physics::Phenomenologykvarkki-gluoniplasmaTime evolutionPlasmaHeavy Ion Phenomenologyfree energyrecombinationabelian[PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph]Quark–gluon plasmalcsh:QC770-798[ PHYS.HPHE ] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph]High Energy Physics::ExperimentJournal of High Energy Physics
researchProduct