Search results for "ATS"
showing 10 items of 6881 documents
Salivary Composition Is Associated with Liking and Usual Nutrient Intake
2015
Salivary flow and composition have an impact on flavor perception. However, very few studies have explored the relationship between saliva, individual liking and usual dietary intake. The aim of our study was to evaluate the association of salivary flow and composition with both a liking for fat, saltiness and sweetness and the usual nutrient intake in an adult French population. Liking for fat, saltiness, and sweetness were inferred from liking scores obtained during hedonic tests on 32 food products among 282 French adults participating in the Nutrinet- Santé Study. Before assessing liking, resting saliva was collected. Standard biochemical analyses were performed to assess specific compo…
Effect of sensory exposure on liking for fat- or sugar-reduced biscuits
2015
This study investigates the effect of exposure to fat- or sugar-reduced biscuits on liking for these products. Two sets of biscuits were manufactured, each including a standard variant and 4 variants differing by the level of reduction of either fat or sugar content, to 33% of fat content or 28% of sugar content. Biscuit consumers were recruited to eat either the fat (n ¼ 113) or the sugar-reduced set of biscuits (n ¼ 106). They participated in 5 testing sessions, once a week, in laboratory conditions. During each session, they rated their liking of the 5 variants. At the end of each of the 4 first sessions, consumers were given 16 biscuits for their home consumption during the week. Partic…
Associations Between Trajectories of Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Television Viewing Time Across Adulthood: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Fi…
2018
Background: The purpose of this study was to examine trajectories of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and television-viewing (TV) time and their associations in adults over 10 years. Methods: The sample comprised 2934 participants (men, 46.0%) aged 24–39 years in 2001 and they were followed up for 10 years. LTPA and TV time were assessed using self-report questionnaires in 2001, 2007, and 2011. Longitudinal LTPA and TV-time trajectories and their interactions were analyzed with mixture modeling. Results: Three LTPA (persistently highly active, 15.8%; persistently moderately active, 60.8%; and persistently low active, 23.5%) and 4 TV time (consistently low, 38.6%; consistently moderate,…
Associations between polymorphisms in the thymidylate synthase gene, the expression of thymidylate synthase mRNA and the microsatellite instability p…
2004
Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a characteristic feature of up to 15% of colorectal cancers (CRC) and is associated with better response to adjuvant chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). In this study we have investigated the association between the MSI status and the mRNA expression as well as the polymorphisms of the cellular target of 5-FU therapy, thymidylate synthase. Polymorphisms in the 3'- and the 5'-UTR of the TS gene were determined by a PCR assay in 53 colorectal cancer tissues. TS mRNA was quantified by real-time RT-PCR. Data were correlated with the MSI phenotype. There was neither a significant correlation between the polymorphisms in the TS gene and the MSI phenotype n…
Normal intestinal dietary fat and cholesterol absorption, intestinal apolipoprotein B (ApoB) mRNA levels, and ApoB-48 synthesis in a hypobetalipoprot…
1997
Abstract The purpose of this study was to characterize intestinal apolipoprotein B (apoB) metabolism in subjects with familial hypobetalipoproteinemia (FHBL), where segregation analysis supports linkage to the apoB gene but no apoB truncations are present. We investigated cholesterol and fat absorption, intestinal apoB mRNA synthesis and editing, as well as apoB-48 synthesis. Plasma triglycerides (TG) and retinyl palmitate in the chylomicron fractions were analyzed after 12 hours of fasting and then repeatedly for 14 hours after ingestion of a vitamin A—containing high-fat meal. Cholesterol absorption was assessed using a dual stable-isotope method. Mean peak times and concentrations and ar…
Mechanism of Free Radical Production in Exhaustive Exercise in Humans and Rats; Role of Xanthine Oxidase and Protection by Allopurinol
2000
Exhaustive exercise generates free radicals, However, the source of this oxidative damage remains controversial. The aim of this paper was to study further the mechanism of exercise-induced production of free radicals, Testing the hypothesis that xanthine oxidase contributes to the production of free radicals during exercise, me found not only that exercise caused an increase in blood xanthine oxidase activity in rats but also that inhibiting xanthine oxidase with allopurinol prevented exercise-induced oxidation of glutathione in both rats and in humans. Furthermore, inhibiting xanthine oxidase prevented the increases in the plasma activity of cytosolic enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase, aspar…
Testosterone and aggressiveness.
2003
Aggressiveness is an ancestral behavior common to all animal species. Its neurophysiological mechanisms are similar in all vertebrates. Males are generally more aggressive than females. In this review, aggressive behavior in rodents, monkeys, and man and the role of testosterone and brain serotonin levels have been considered. Interspecifi c aggressiveness in rats has been studied considering the mouse-killing behavior; the neonatal androgenization of females increases adult mousekilling as does the administration of testosterone in adults. Intraspecifi c aggressiveness was studied by putting two or more male rats (or mice) in the same cage; the condition of subjection or dominance is infl …
Gender differences on oxidative stress markers and complement component C3 plasma values after an oral unsaturated fat load test
2020
Abstract Objective Post-prandial lipaemia (PL), oxidative stress (OS), and complement component C3 (C3) values are related to the atherosclerosis process. The post-prandial response of C3 after an oral fat load test (OFLT) using unsaturated fat is poorly addressed. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the post-prandial response of OS markers and C3 values in men and women after an OFLT using unsaturated fat. Methods The study included a total of 22 healthy subjects with normal lipids and normal blood glucose (11 men and 11 pre-menopausal women). An oral unsaturated fat load test (OFLT: 50 g fat per m2 body surface) was performed using a commercial liquid preparation of long chai…
Association between polymorphisms of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene (NOS3) and left posterior wall thickness (LPWT) of the heart in Fabry dis…
2008
Fabry disease is an X-chromosomal storage disorder due to loss-of-function mutations of the GLA gene encoding the lysosomal enzyme α-galactosidase A. Accumulating glycosphingolipid deposits disturb the function of various cells, in particular that of myocytes, arterial smooth-muscle cells, and vascular endothelium. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, for example measured by left posterior wall thickness (LPWT) of the heart, represents a major component of Fabry disease morbidity in adult patients. Endothelium-derived nitric oxide (eNO), produced by eNO synthase (eNOS), is a key regulator of vessel wall function and cardiovascular homeostasis. We analysed the effect of the polymorphisms c.894G > T …
Age-related increase in xanthine oxidase activity in human plasma and rat tissues.
2007
This study assessed the role of xanthine oxidase in vascular ageing. A positive correlation between xanthine oxidase activity and age was found in human plasma. Similar results were found in rat plasma. Xanthine oxidase expression and activity in homogenates from the aortic wall were significantly higher in samples from old rats than in their young counterparts (p<0.01). In rat skeletal muscle homogenates both xanthine oxidase expression and activity showed a similar age-related profile. Superoxide production by xanthine oxidase in aortic rings was higher in aged rats. Uric acid, the final product of xanthine oxidase has been proposed as a risk factor for coronary heart disease and an indep…