Search results for "ATS"
showing 10 items of 6881 documents
Nephrotoxicity of ibandronate and zoledronate in Wistar rats with normal renal function and after unilateral nephrectomy.
2015
A previous animal study compared the nephrotoxic effect of ibandronate (IBN) and zoledronate (ZOL), but interpretation of these study results was limited because of the model of minimal nephrotoxic dosage with a dosage ratio of 1:3. The present study investigated the nephrotoxicity of ibandronate and zoledronate in a 1.5:1 dose ratio, as used in clinical practice and compared the nephrotoxicity in rats with normal and with mildly to moderately impaired renal function. We compared rats with normal renal function (SHAM) and with impaired renal function after unilateral nephrectomy (UNX), treated either with ibandronate 1.5mg/kg, zoledronate 1mg/kg or placebo once (1×) or nine (9×) times. Rena…
Effect of oral glutathione on hepatic glutathione levels in rats and mice
1989
Administration of oral glutathione (GSH) increases hepatic GSH levels in fasted rats, in mice treated with GSH depletors such as diethyl maleate and in mice treated with high doses of paracetamol. An increase in hepatic GSH levels after administration of oral GSH does not occur in animals treated with buthionine sulphoximine, an inhibitor of GSH synthesis. Administration of oral GSH leads to an increase in the concentration of l-cysteine, a precursor of GSH, in portal blood plasma. Oral administration of l-methionine produced a significant decrease of hepatic ATP in fasted rats, but not in fed rats. Administration ofN−acetylcysteine or GSH did not affect the hepatic ATP levels. The results …
Molecular anatomy of the neuro-immune connection.
1991
Light microscopic immunohistochemistry was employed to elucidate and compare the presence, distribution, and coexistence of various peptides, neuroendocrine markers and enzymes of the catecholamine pathway in nerves supplying lymphoid tissues in a variety of mammalian species. All lymphoid organs and tissues receive innervation by fibers containing dopamine-beta-hydroxylase and/or tyrosine hydroxylase, neural markers like protein gene product 9.5, synaptophysin and neurofilament and a varied spectrum of peptides. The prominent peptides were tachykinins (substance P, neurokinin A), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide/peptide his…
Combined pre- and postnatal ethanol exposure in rats disturbs the myelination of optic axons.
2011
Aims: To analyse myelination and outgrowth of the optic axons in relation to the neuro-ophthalmological manifestations of ethanol (EtOH) abuse during pregnancy. Methods: An experimental model of chronic EtOH exposure was developed in rats and their offspring by subjecting the dams to a liquid diet (35% of the daily total calories as either EtOH or maltose-dextrose nutritional controls (Con). Eyeballs and optic nerves were obtained at key developmental stages and processed for morphologic, immunocytochemical and immunoblotting procedures, using alternatively antibodies against myelin basic protein (MBP) or neurofilament (NF) protein, and image analysing. Results: A significant delay in onset…
Brain energy metabolism in global brain oedema.
1978
Different degrees of severity in global brain oedema were induced by varying amounts of water intoxication (50, 100, 150, and 200 ml Aqua dest./kg b.wt. intravenously) in groups of six cats, which were functionally nephrectomized. Animals loaded with physiological saline and sham-operated served as controls. Two hours following the water load, the tissue concentrations of CrP, ATP, ADP, AMP, pyruvate, glucose, and lactate were determined by optical enzymatic analysis. The results show disturbances in brain energy metabolism dependent on the severity of the brain oedema. The high energy compounds and in consequence the ATP/ADP-ratio, and respectively the energy charge potential, fall in dire…
Beta-adrenoceptor stimulation enhances transmitter output from the rat phrenic nerve.
1988
Abstract 1. Neurally-evoked output of newly synthesized [3H]-acetylcholine from the rat phrenic nerve was measured in the absence of cholinesterase inhibitors. 2. Noradrenaline and isoprenaline enhanced neurally-evoked transmitter output markedly. Moreover, immediately after the application of noradrenaline the basal tritium efflux increased significantly. 3. Pretreatment with propranolol (0.1 mumol l-1) or atenolol (0.3 mumol l-1) completely prevented the stimulatory effect of noradrenaline and isoprenaline on evoked transmitter output. 4. The facilitatory effect of isoprenaline declined, when the exposure time was increased. This observation supports the assumption that beta-adrenoceptors…
Viability and function of the cryopreserved whole rat ovary: comparison between slow-freezing and vitrification
2011
Objective To investigate four different protocols for cryopreservation of the whole rat ovary with intact vasculature to evaluate whether differences exist in post-thawing viability of the ovary after either vitrification or slow freezing. Design Experimental study. Setting Obstetrics and gynecology department. Animal(s) Immature Sprague-Dawley female rats. Intervention(s) Ovaries were isolated with the vascular tree intact up to the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta and were subsequently cannulated. The ovaries were flushed with increasing concentrations of the cryoprotectant dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to either 1.5 or 7 M. The ovaries underwent cryopreservation by vitrification or passive…
Presence of muscarinic inhibitory and absence of nicotinic excitatory receptors at the terminal sympathetic nerves of chicken hearts.
1976
Nicotine (2 X 10(-4) M) or acetylcholine (5.5 X 10(-4) M) in the presence of 3 X 10(-6) M atropine did not increase the rate or amplitude of contraction in isolated atria or ventricular strips of the chicken heart; both drugs also did not cause an output of noradrenaline or adrenaline and did not evoke antidromic discharges in the right sympathetic nerves of isolated perfused chicken hearts. In contrast, "high K+-solutions" evoked an output of noradrenaline and adrenaline and caused a burst of antidromic discharges. Dimethylphenylpiperazine (DMPP; 3.1 X 10(-4) M), by a tyramine-like action, elicited a small output of noradrenaline and increased rate and amplitude of contraction" but did not…
Inhibition of calcium entry induced by cularines and isocrasifoline in uterine smooth muscle.
1991
Abstract The effects of nifedipine, papaverine and four benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (cularine, cularidine, celtisine and isocrasifoline) were studied in isolated rat uterus in order to clarify the mechanism of their relaxant action. All the compounds tested completely relaxed KCl-induced contractions and totally or partially inhibited oxytocin-induced rhythmic contractions. Only papaverine acted intracellularly, promoting relaxation of contractile responses induced by oxytocin or vanadate in a Ca 2+ -free medium. In spite of the structural relationship between papaverine and the other alkaloids, the mechanism of their relaxant action is not the same. The activities of cularine derivatives …
Differential blockade by nifedipine and ω-conotoxin GVIA of α1- and β1-adrenoceptor-controlled calcium channels on motor nerve terminals of the rat
1990
Electrically evoked release of [3H]acetylcholine ([3H]ACh) from the rat phrenic nerve and its facilitation by stimulation of presynaptic alpha 1- and beta 1-adrenoceptors were investigated in the absence and presence of nifedipine and omega-conotoxin GVIA. Both calcium channel antagonists did not modify electrically evoked [3H]ACh release, but selectively blocked the effect triggered by both facilitatory adrenergic receptors. The increase in [3H]ACh release mediated via beta 1-adrenoceptor activation was abolished by low concentrations (1 nM) of omega-conotoxin GVIA, whereas nifedipine (100 nM) abolished the facilitatory effect mediated via alpha 1-adrenoceptor stimulation. Therefore, the b…