Search results for "AW"

Kędzierzyn-Koźle – dziedzictwo przeszłości w kulturze miasta przemysłowego na pograniczu etniczno-kulturowym

2021

The article draws attention to the issues of symbolic functioning of the city which was formed of two different entities as a result of political and economic decisions. In the 20th century, the history of a traditional city got entwined with a modernistic industrial city which was taking shape. As a result, ideologies and politics impacted on the newly-established conurbation. The city denotes not only the material sphere, but also its urban community, which, in the case of the places under study, was basically historically complicated. The method of description is the ‘culturalistic’ orientation in the study of the city and also the (emotional) sociolog y of Silesia of the Rev. Emil Szram…

Retoryka ciągłości: o dziedzictwie prawnym II Rzeczpospolitej i rządów komunistycznych

2017

The aim of the article is to establish whether the continuity between the Second and Third Polish Republics officially declared by the Polish elites is based on facts. The authors analyse the qu­estion with regard to three areas: symbolic events (handing over of the presidential insignia in 1990 and the 1998 resolution of the Senate of the Republic of Poland on legal continuity), judgements of ordinary courts and the Constitutional Court as well as legal scholarship. In their conclusion they point out that the rhetoric of continuity between the Second and the Third Polish Republics on the legal level hides real continuity between the communist regime and the normative system in force in Pol…

The Two-Jacobian Scheme for Systems of Conservation Laws

2006

Thermodynamics: Classical Framework

2016

This chapter starts with a summary of the thermodynamic potentials and the relationships between them which are obtained from Legendre transformation. This is followed by an excursion to some important global properties of materials such as specific heat, expansion coefficients and others. The thermodynamic relations provide the basis for a discussion of continuous changes of state which are illustrated by the Joule-Thomson effect and the Van der Waals gas. These are models which are more realistic than the ideal gas. The discussion of Carnot cycles leads to and illustrates the second and third laws of thermodynamics. The chapter closes with a discussion of entropy as a concave function of …

Remembering an Era: Roger Penrose’s Paper on “Gravitational Collapse: The Role of General Relativity”

2018

Back in the 1960s, Einstein’s theory of general relativity re-emerged as a field of important research activity. Much of the impetus behind this resurgence came from powerful new mathematical ideas that Roger Penrose and Stephen Hawking applied to prove general singularity theorems for global space-time structures. Their results stirred the imaginations of astrophysicists and gave relativistic cosmology an entirely new research agenda. A decade later, black holes and the big hang model were on the tongues of nearly everyone who followed recent trends in science. As popular expositions dealing with quasars, pulsars, and the geometry of black holes began to appear in magazines and textbooks, …

Electrical Transport and Confocal Raman Studies of Electrochemically Modified Individual Carbon Nanotubes

2003

Génération de similaritons optiques à 1550 nm par amplification Raman dans une fibre NZ-DSF

2004

Nous presentons la premiere observation experimentale de similaritons optiques generes par amplification Raman a 1550 nm dans une fibre a dispersion decalee. Une caracterisation FROG des impulsions indique un profil d'intensite parabolique et un chirp lineaire conformes aux predictions theoriques.

Distribution of Large Eigenvalues for Elliptic Operators

2019

In this chapter we consider elliptic differential operators on a compact manifold and rather than taking the semi-classical limit (h →), we let h = 1 and study the distribution of large eigenvalues. Bordeaux Montrieux (Loi de Weyl presque sure et resolvante pour des operateurs differentiels non-autoadjoints, these, CMLS, Ecole Polytechnique, 2008. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005367, Ann Henri Poincare 12:173–204, 2011) studied elliptic systems of differential operators on S1 with random perturbations of the coefficients, and under some additional assumptions, he showed that the large eigenvalues obey the Weyl law almost surely. His analysis was based on a reduction to the s…

Self-Defence Against Non-State Actors: Impulses from the Max Planck Trialogues on the Law of Peace and War

2017

The legality of self-defence against non-state actors is currently one of the most contested issues of the jus contra bellum. How should we interpret state practice – has it already given rise, in law, to a broader concept of self-defence, or is the traditional state centred view still good law? Under which specific requirements should self-defence against non-state actors, if at all, be regarded as lawful and how can an abuse of an extended right to self-defence be prevented? The “Impulses from the Max Planck Trialogues on the Law of Peace and War” consist of short essays dealing with these questions. The essays are grouped in four categories: 1) restrictivist positions upholding a state-c…

Optical study of gallium and nitrogen polarity layers of GaN grown on sapphire

2003

A confocal Raman spectroscopic study was carried out on either side of an intentionally grown GaN inversion domain boundary between a pair of strips with opposite (Ga- or N-) polarity. It is shown that the Raman spectra on the N-polarity side displays an A1(TO) mode, prohibited by symmetry considerations, meanwhile on Ga-polarity material this peak is absent, indicating a lower density of defects present in this region. The Raman spectra reveal that in the lateral direction, the change in structural quality accross the inversion domain boundary is rather continuous and extends along 4 ± 1 μm. (© 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)