Search results for "Absorption"

Comparison of impact characteristics of four different ice hockey arena dasher boards

2012

During recent years the incidence of ice hockey related concussions has increased. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to determine how dasher board materials and structures affect impact characteristics and thereby concussion risk. The measurements were divided into two parts; 1. physiological characteristics of body checks were determined in real game measurements, and 2. simulation of body checks in the laboratory. Peak forces and stopping distances were determined from the high-speed camera data, and stiffness values were subsequently calculated. Dasher board materials and structures had a clear effect on impact characteristics. Flexible protective shielding material resulted in 1…

UV photobleaching of carbon nanodots investigated by in situ optical methods.

2020

Carbon dots are a family of optically-active nanoparticles displaying a combination of useful properties that make them attractive for many applications in photonics and photochemistry. Despite the initial claims of high photostability of carbon dots even under prolonged illuminations, several recent studies have evidenced their photobleaching (PB) under UV light, detrimental for some applications. A study of the mechanism and dynamics of carbon dot PB can be considered a useful route to gather relevant information on the underlying photophysics of these nanoparticles, which is still widely debated. Here we report a study of the PB of carbon dots under UV light, conducted through optical ex…

Transition radiation in the x-ray region from a low emittance 855 MeV electron beam

1997

A quasi-monochromatic hard x-ray beam with a photon energy of 33 keV has been produced from transition radiation (TR) at the Mainz Microtron MAMI. The radiator was a stack of 30 polyimide foils of 25 μm thickness and 75 μm separation and the monochromator a highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite crystal. The intrinsic bandwidth was measured with a critical absorption technique to be 100 eV. On the basis of these experiments a photon flux of 4⋅109/mm2s over an illuminated area of 5.7×125 mm2 can be expected from an optimized beryllium radiator at a beam current of 100 μA. At the K-absorption edge of titanium at 5 keV narrow band transition radiation has been observed from a stack of four foils o…

Photocycle of Excitons in Nitrogen-Rich Carbon Nanodots: Implications for Photocatalysis and Photovoltaics

2020

Nitrogen-rich carbon nanodots have emerged as promising nanomaterials for a wide range of applications where a highly emissive and photoactive material with low toxicity and cost-effectiveness is required. One of their hallmarks is indeed a bright, tunable fluorescence of excitonic nature. Disentangling the origin of their optical absorption and fluorescence properties and uncovering relaxation channels and interactions with solvents are some of the most debated issues in the field. Uncovering these aspects is essential for targeted applications, especially in the fields of photocatalysis but also photovoltaics and optoelectronics. Here, we present dedicated transient absorption measurement…

Defined-length Carbon-rich Conjugated Oligomers

2006

Advanced approach to the local structure reconstruction and theory validation on the example of the W L 3 -edge extended x-ray absorption fine struct…

2018

The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of the ELETTRA XAFS beamline staff members during the EXAFS experiment No 20150303. This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014-2018 under grant agreement No 633053. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission.

Low-Power consumption Franz-Keldysh effect plasmonic modulator

2014

In this paper we report on a low energy consumption CMOS-compatible plasmonic modulator based on Franz-Keldysh effect in germanium on silicon. We performed integrated electro-optical simulations in order to optimize the main characteristics of the modulator. A 3.3 $dB$ extinction ratio for a 30 ${\mu}m$ long modulator is demonstrated under 3 $V$ bias voltage at an operation wavelength of 1647 $nm$. The estimated energy consumption is as low as 20 $fJ/bit$.

Continuous-wave spontaneous lasing in mercury pumped by resonant two-photon absorption

2010

The first continuous-wave two-photon absorption laser-induced stimulated emission (CTALISE) is demonstrated. The 7^1S-6^1P transition in mercury at 1014nm wavelength is used and selective lasing of different isotopes is observed.

Control of surface plasmon resonances in dielectrically coated proximate gold nanoparticles immobilized on a substrate

2008

We present experimental and theoretical results for the changes in the optical-plasmon resonance of gold-nanoparticle dimers immobilized on a surface when coated with an organic dielectric material. The plasmon band of a nanoparticle dimer shifts to a higher wavelength when the distance between neighboring particles is decreased, and a well-separated second peak appears. This phenomenon is called cross-talk. We find that an organic coating lets cross-talk start at larger separation distances than for uncoated dimers by bridging the gap between immobilized nanoparticles (creating optical clusters). We study this optical clustering effect as a function of the polarization of the applied light…

Radiation Defects in LiBaF3 Perovskites

2000

We investigated the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), recombination afterglow, thermostimulated luminescence (TSL) and absorption of LiBaF3 perovskites crystals X-irradiated at 80 K The self-trapped hole centre VK(F2-) oriented along the [110] axis and electron F type (FA) centres are identified. X-irradiation at temperatures below 200 K results in creation of a long-term temperature-independent afterglow-tunnelling luminescence (TL), with main emission bands at 300, 370 nm and 430 nm. The short wavelength TL bands are associated with the tunnelling recombination of the F type centre with the VK centre. The thermal stability of VK centre is estimated to be about 130 K.