Search results for "Absorption"

showing 10 items of 2701 documents

Volcanogenic fluorine in rainwater around active degassing volcanoes: Mt. Etna and Stromboli Island, Italy

2002

Many studies have assessed the strong influence of volcanic activity on the surrounding environment. This is particularly true for strong gas emitters such as Mt. Etna and Stromboli volcanoes. Among volcanic gases, fluorine compounds are potentially very harmful. Fluorine cycling through rainwater in the above volcanic areas was studied analysing more than 400 monthly bulk samples. Data indicate that only approximately 1% of fluorine emission through the plume is deposited on the two volcanic areas by meteoric precipitations. Although measured bulk rainwater fluorine fluxes are comparable to and sometimes higher than in heavily polluted areas, their influence on the surrounding vegetation i…

Environmental EngineeringRainGeochemistryVolcanic EruptionsVolcanismRainwater harvestingVolcanic GasesFluorine absorption datingEnvironmental ChemistryeventWaste Management and Disposalevent.disaster_typeAir Pollutantsgeographygeography.geographical_feature_categoryFluorineVegetationPlantsPollutionPlumeDeposition (aerosol physics)ItalyVolcanoGasesPhysical geographyGeologyScience of The Total Environment
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Naturally occurring hemolysins in the coelomic fluid of Holothuria polii delle chiaie (Echinodermata).

1979

Abstract The coelomic fluid of Holothuria polii D.Ch contains hemolytic activity against erythrocytes of several vertebrate species. The hemolytic potency depends upon calcium ion concentration and varies according to erythrocyte source and cell number in the reaction mixture. Absorption experiments with formalinized rabbit erythrocytes suggest that hemolytic activity is not specific. Its heat lability, water insolubility at low pH values, and sensitivity to proteolytic enzymes suggest that hemolytic activity resides in protein molecules. The activity, maximal in alkaline media, appears to depend up time and temperature.

ErythrocytesCations DivalentSea CucumbersImmunologyDose-Response Relationship Immunologicchemistry.chemical_elementCalciumHemolysisHemolysin ProteinsPotencyAnimalsbiologyLabilityProteolytic enzymesTemperatureHemolysinExudates and TransudatesHydrogen-Ion Concentrationbiology.organism_classificationKineticschemistryBiochemistryCoelomAbsorption (chemistry)HolothuriaDevelopmental BiologyEchinodermataDevelopmental and comparative immunology
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Hemoglobin dynamics in rat erythrocytes investigated by M�ssbauer spectroscopy

1991

Rats have been enriched in 57Fe and erythrocytes were isolated from the blood. Mössbauer absorption spectroscopy on the hemoglobin of these erythrocytes has shown rather similar dynamics as found earlier in crystals of myoglobin, in frozen solutions of human hemoglobin and in a number of other proteins. The results strongly indicate that the motion of the heme and presumably some part of the F-helix is mainly influenced by the average viscosity of the sample determined by a network of hydrogen bridges and other weak interactions. Extrapolations of Mössbauer results from protein crystals to proteins in their physiological surroundings seem to be suitable for heme proteins.

ErythrocytesHemeproteinAbsorption spectroscopyProtein ConformationIronProtein dynamicsBiophysicsAnalytical chemistryHemeGeneral MedicineRatsHemoglobinsKineticsSpectroscopy MossbauerRed blood cellchemistry.chemical_compoundmedicine.anatomical_structureMyoglobinchemistrymedicineBiophysicsAnimalsHemoglobinProtein crystallizationHemeEuropean Biophysics Journal
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Spectroscopic studies of 5,5′-dimethoxy-3,3,′-disulfobutyl-9-ethylthiacarbocyanine (DDTC) in solutions and immobilized in sol-gel matrices

1998

Abstract Absorption spectra of 5,5′-dimethoxy-3,3,′-disulfobutyl-9-ethylthiacarbocyanine (DDTC) in aqueous solutions and immobilized in xerogels prepared by the sol-gel method were obtained. Influence of pH, detergent (Triton X-100), ethanol addition and sol-gel preparation method on the dye aggregation equilibria and its photostability were investigated. In liquid solutions lowering of pH, as well as addition of the detergent, shift the aggregation equilibrium towards the DDTC monomeric form. However, while more acidic conditions result in a decrease of the dye stability, addition of the detergent has a slightly stabilizing effect on the dye. However, addition of ethanol drastically reduce…

EthanolAqueous solutionAbsorption spectroscopyChemistryDimerOrganic ChemistryDopingInorganic chemistryAnalytical ChemistryInorganic ChemistryPreparation methodchemistry.chemical_compoundMonomerSpectroscopySol-gelJournal of Molecular Structure
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Kontinuierlicher exspiratorischer Alkoholnachweis

1995

The absorption of large volumes of irrigation fluid is a major problem in transurethral prostatic surgery (TUR-P). Various indicators have been tested to monitor fluid absorption with regard to continuous registration and sufficient accuracy. The volumetric fluid balance is not suitable as a routine method because of its inaccuracy. Easily accessible parameters are unspecific because of surgical bleeding (haematocrit [Hct]), or are interfered with by physiological counter-regulatory actions (serum sodium [Na] concentration). In 1986 Hulten et al. suggested adding 2% ethanol to the irrigation fluid as a marker and investigated it intermittently in the expired air with an alcohol-test applian…

Ethanolbusiness.industrySodiumEarly detectionSpinal anesthesiachemistry.chemical_elementAlcoholGeneral MedicineAbsorption (skin)medicine.disease_causechemistry.chemical_compoundAnesthesiology and Pain MedicinechemistryAnesthesiamedicineProstatic surgerybusinessNasal cannulaDer Anaesthesist
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Experimental IR study and ab initio modelling of ethylene adsorption in a MFI - type host zeolite.

2009

International audience; Different ab initio methods and experimental results are used to investigate the effect of the adsorption of one ethylene molecule on silicalite-1, a MFI type zeolite. We used simplified models to simulate a portion of a straight or sinusoidal channel of silicalite-1 at a quantum level. The calculated absorption spectra of the models are qualitatively in good agreement with the experimental FTIR spectrum of silicalite-1. Additionally we simulate the FTIR spectrum of the isolated ethylene molecule and that of an ethylene molecule in interaction with the above-mentioned zeolite models. Results are discussed depending on the method and specific basis set and compared wi…

Ethylene010304 chemical physicsAbsorption spectroscopyChemistryBiophysicsAb initio010402 general chemistryCondensed Matter Physics01 natural sciences0104 chemical sciencesMolecular dynamicschemistry.chemical_compound[ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph]AdsorptionComputational chemistry0103 physical sciencesPhysical SciencesPhysical chemistryMolecule[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph]Physical and Theoretical ChemistryZeoliteMolecular BiologyBasis setComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
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Tetrakis{[(p-dodecacarboranyl)methyl]stilbenyl}ethylene: A Luminescent Tetraphenylethylene (TPE) Core System

2017

The synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of the first set of tetra(p-dodecacarborane-stilbeno)ethylenes (TDSE), substituted either with a methyl or phenyl group in the 2-position (Ccluster) of the ortho-carborane, are described. The complex absorption properties are elucidated by TD-DFT calculations, stressing the importance of through bond conjugation. Enhanced conjugation and restriction of the conformational space are identified as the main factors for boosted luminescence properties in solution compared to tetraphenylethylene (TPE) core, effectively reducing internal conversion (IC). IC is further reduced when aggregate suspensions of our compounds in water are formed, providing…

Ethylenebiology010405 organic chemistryTetraphenylethylene010402 general chemistrybiology.organism_classificationPhotochemistryInternal conversion (chemistry)01 natural sciences0104 chemical sciencesInorganic Chemistrychemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryCore systemTetraPhenyl groupAbsorption (chemistry)Luminescence
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Polymeric microcontainers improve oral bioavailability of furosemide.

2016

Microcontainers with an inner diameter of 223 μm are fabricated using the polymer SU-8, and evaluated in vitro, in situ and in vivo for their application as an advanced oral drug delivery system for the poorly water soluble drug furosemide. An amorphous sodium salt of furosemide (ASSF) is filled into the microcontainers followed by applying a lid using Eudragit L100. It is possible to control the drug release in vitro, and in vitro absorption studies show that the microcontainers are not a hindrance for absorption of ASSF. In situ perfusion studies in rats are performed with ASSF-filled microcontainers coated with Eudragit and compared to a furosemide solution. The absorption rate constant …

Eudragit l100PolymersPharmaceutical ScienceAdministration OralBiological Availability02 engineering and technologyAbsorption (skin)PharmacologyMicro devices030226 pharmacology & pharmacy03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineDrug Delivery SystemsPolymethacrylic AcidsIn vivoDelivery systemsFurosemideOral bioavailabilitymedicineAnimalsHumansIntestinal MucosaRats WistarIntestinal mucusChromatographyChemistryFurosemide021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyBioavailabilityDrug LiberationMucusOral deliveryEpoxy CompoundsFemaleDelivery systemIntestinal perfusionCaco-2 Cells0210 nano-technologyOral retinoidmedicine.drugInternational journal of pharmaceutics
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Crucial dependence of excimer laser toughness of “wet” silica on excess oxygen

2011

Creation of point defects by ArF (6.4 eV) and F2 laser (7.9 eV) irradiation in synthetic “wet” silica glass thermally loaded with interstitial O2 molecules was studied by optical absorption, electron paramagnetic resonance and infrared absorption. The presence of excess oxygen caused a significant increase of laser-induced ultraviolet (UV) absorption, which was 4 times (7.9 eV-irradiation) and > 20 times stronger (ArF irradiation) as compared to O2-free samples. The spectral shape of photoinduced absorption nearly completely coincided with the spectral shape of oxygen dangling bonds (NBOHC) in 3 to 6.5 eV regions. The contribution of Si dangling bonds (E' centers) was less than few % and wa…

Excimer laserChemistrymedicine.medical_treatmentDangling bondInfrared spectroscopychemistry.chemical_elementCondensed Matter PhysicsPhotochemistrymedicine.disease_causeOxygenElectronic Optical and Magnetic Materialslaw.inventionlawMaterials ChemistryCeramics and CompositesmedicineIrradiationAbsorption (chemistry)Electron paramagnetic resonanceUltravioletJournal of Non-Crystalline Solids
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Pharmakologisch-aktive polymere, 18. Körperverteilung und ausscheidungsverhalten von monomerem und polymerem sulfadiazinacrylamid

1979

Sulfadiazinacrylamid was absorbed after oral and intraperitoneal application in rats to a high extent; the absorption from the intraperitoneum was retarded. Glucose treatment delayed the absorption after both application forms. At comparatively high renal and enteral excretion rates the biological half life time of the monomer was estimated to 8 h. A tumouraffinity was not found but there were indications for a preferred storage in the RES. Poly[sulfadiazinacrylamide] was absorbed after intraperitoneal injection to a clear extent, where at the beginning of the treatment under simultaneous glucose load the absorption was delayed. 24 h after injection higher concentrations in metabolic organs…

Excretionchemistry.chemical_compoundMonomerchemistrymedicine.medical_treatmentPolymer chemistryIntraperitoneal injectionmedicineBiological half-lifeAbsorption (skin)Enteral administrationAfter treatmentResorptionDie Makromolekulare Chemie
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