Search results for "Abus"
showing 10 items of 955 documents
Perspiration versus saliva--basic aspects concerning their use in roadside drug testing.
1999
Various aspects concerning the practical application and forensic interpretation of data obtained by saliva drug testing and drug monitoring from the skin surface are discussed. Basic information on the composition of saliva and skin secretions and their particular transport mechanisms, as far as known, are given. For drugs of abuse secretion into saliva is suggested to be by passive diffusion and to depend on lipid solubility, pKa, plasma protein binding and on the pH of saliva. Drug molecules from blood are considered to reach the skin surface by various routes such as by sweat and sebum as well as by inter- and/or transcellular diffusion. The role of the stratum corneum as a temporary dr…
Neurobiological mechanisms of the reinstatement of drug-conditioned place preference.
2009
Drug addiction is a chronic disorder characterized by a high rate of relapse following detoxification. There are two main versions of the reinstatement model that are employed to study relapse to drug abuse; one based on the operant self-administration procedure, and the other on the classical conditioned place preference procedure. In the last seven years, the use of the latter version has become more widespread, and the results obtained complement those obtained in self-administration studies. It has been observed that the conditioned place preference induced by opioids, psychostimulants, nicotine, ethanol and other drugs of abuse can be extinguished and reinstated by drug priming or expo…
Impact of adolescent methamphetamine use on social cognition: A human-mice reverse translation study.
2021
Background: Methamphetamine dependence is associated with social cognition deficits that may underpin negative social outcomes. However, there are considerable inter-individual differences in social cognition within people with methamphetamine dependence, with age of onset of methamphetamine use being a potential contributing factor. Materials and methods: We conducted two sequential studies examining the link between age of onset of methamphetamine use (adolescence versus young adulthood) and performance in social cognition tests: (1) a human cross-sectional study in 95 participants with methamphetamine dependence varying in age of onset (38 with adolescent onset and 57 with adult onset) a…
Advances in the analysis of legal and illegal drugs in the aquatic environment
2013
We review the current methods developed for the analysis of legal and illegal drugs (LIDs) and their metabolites in environmental samples. We discuss the advantages and the pitfalls of multi-class methods with emphasis on new strategies for sample preparation and recent technical developments. Finally, we present the applicability of these methods to the analysis of LIDs in protected environmental areas.
The embodiment of wastewater data for the estimation of illicit drug consumption in Spain
2021
Data obtained from wastewater analysis can provide rapid and complementary insights in illicit drug consumption at community level. Within Europe, Spain is an important country of transit of both cocaine and cannabis. The quantity of seized drugs and prevalence of their use rank Spain at the top of Europe. Hence, the implementation of a wastewater monitoring program at national level would help to get better understanding of spatial differences and trends in use of illicit drugs. In this study, a national wastewater campaign was performed for the first time to get more insight on the consumption of illicit drugs within Spain. The 13 Spanish cities monitored cover approximately 6 million inh…
Stereoisomeric profiling of drugs of abuse and pharmaceuticals in wastewaters of Valencia (Spain)
2014
AbstractThe enantiomeric and diastereomeric profiling of chiral pharmaceuticals (ephedrine, norephedrine, atenolol and venlafaxine) and illicit drugs (amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA) and 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine (MDEA)) was undertaken over a period of fourteen consecutive days in three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the city of Valencia, Spain. Degradation efficiency of WWTPs was found to be compound and enantiomer dependent. Selective enantiomer enrichment was observed for several target analytes. Amphetamine and MDMA were enriched with R(−)-enantiomers. 1S,2S(+)-pseudoephedrine was found …
Multi-residue determination of 47 organic compounds in water, soil, sediment and fish—Turia River as case study
2017
A sensitive and reliable method based on solid-liquid extraction (SLE) using McIlvaine-Na2EDTA buffer (pH = 4.5)-methanol and solid-phase extraction (SPE) clean up prior to ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) was applied to determine 47 organic contaminants in fish, soil and sediments. The SPE procedure to clean-up the extracts was also used as extraction method to determine these compounds in water. Recoveries ranged from 38 to 104% for all matrices with RSDs 50% for 36 compounds in front of 9, matrix effect < 20% for 31 compounds against 21, and LOQs <25 ng g−1 for 38 compounds against 22) indicates that the proposed method is mor…
Simultaneous determination of traditional and emerging illicit drugs in sediments, sludges and particulate matter
2015
An analytical method for determining traditional and emerging drugs of abuse in particulate matter, sewage sludge and sediment has been developed and validated. A total of 41 drugs of abuse and metabolites including cocainics, tryptamines, amphetamines, arylcyclohexylamines, cathinones, morphine derivatives, pyrrolidifenones derivatives, entactogens, piperazines and other psychostimulants were selected. Samples were ultrasound extracted with McIlvaine buffer and methanol, and the extracts were cleaned up by solid phase extraction (SPE) using Strata-X cartridges. Drugs were eluted using methanol and methanol-dichloromethane and determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Th…
Wastewater-based epidemiology: current status and future prospects
2019
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been consolidated as a tool to provide real-time information on consumption of legal and illegal drugs of abuse by the population. However, WBE is expected to achieve more ambitious objectives such as establishing exposure to certain agents (pesticides, personal care products, persistent organic pollutants, and pathogens), incidence of specific diseases (diabetes, allergies, oxidative stress, and cancer), and determination of some lifestyle consequences (exposure to personal care products, consumption of doping substances or products for the treatment of erectile dysfunction) or environmental factors (increase in temperature) in populations. Herein, w…
Le non-respect de l’ordre du jour établi à la convocation de l’Assemblée Générale: un motif légitime à l’annulation d’une décision sociale sur la bas…
2023
L’exclusion abusive d’un associé par une assemblée générale extraordinaire convoquée pour prendre acte de sa démission, conduit à l’annulation de la décision de cette assemblée sur le fondement de l’article 1844-10 al. 3 du code civil.