Search results for "Accumulation"
showing 10 items of 240 documents
Carbamazepine exposure in the sea anemones Anemonia sulcata and Actinia equina: Metabolite identification and physiological responses
2020
Trabajo presentado en el 11º Congreso Ibérico, 8º Iberoamericano de Contaminación y Toxicología (CICTA 2018) celebrado en la Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Madrid del 11 al 13 de julio de 2018
A preliminary study on the ecotoxic potency of wastewater treatment plant sludge combining passive sampling and bioassays.
2021
Highlights • The passive samplers collected bioavail able and bioaccessible chemicals from the WWTP sludge samples. • The sampler extracts were acutely and chronically toxic to water flea. • The sampler extracts were cytotoxic and genotoxic. • The sludge treatment such as composting and digesting diminished the toxicity. • Effect-based methods should be part of the risk assessment of sludge recycling. Sewage sludge is an inevitable byproduct produced in wastewater treatment. Reusing nutrient-rich sludge will diminish the amount of waste ending in soil dumping areas and will promote circular economy. However, during sewage treatment process, several potentially harmful organic chemicals are …
Patterns of presence and concentration of pesticides in fish and waters of the Júcar River (Eastern Spain).
2013
The Jucar River, in a typical Mediterranean Basin, is expected to suffer a decline in water quality and quantity as a consequence of the climate change. This study is focused on the presence and distribution of pesticides in water and fish, using the first extensive optimization and application of the QuEChERS method to determine pesticides in freshwater fish. Majority pesticides in water - in terms of presence and concentration - were dichlofenthion, chlorfenvinphos, imazalil, pyriproxyfen and prochloraz (associated with a frequent use in farming activities), as well as buprofezin, chlorpyriphos and hexythiazox. In fish, the main compounds were azinphos-ethyl, chlorpyriphos, diazinon, dime…
Characterization of the Etna volcanic emissions through an active biomonitoring technique (moss-bags): Part 1 – Major and trace element composition
2013
Active biomonitoring using moss-bags was applied to an active volcanic environment for the first time. Bioaccumulation originating from atmospheric deposition was evaluated by exposing mixtures of washed and air-dried mosses (Sphagnum species) at 24 sites on Mt. Etna volcano (Italy). Concentrations of major and a large suite of trace elements were analysed by inductively coupled mass and optical spectrometry (ICP-MS and ICP-OES) after total acid digestion. Of the 49 elements analysed those which closely reflect summit volcanic emissions were S, Tl, Bi, Se, Cd, As, Cu, B, Na, Fe, Al. Enrichment factors and cluster analysis allowed clear distinction between volcanogenic, geogenic and anthropo…
Long-term effect of temperature on bioaccumulation of dietary metals and metallothionein induction in Sparus aurata
2012
Previous studies have demonstrated that the commercial feed of aquacultured fish contains trace amounts of toxic and essential metals which can accumulate in tissues and finally be ingested by consumers. Recently rising temperatures, associated to the global warming phenomenon, have been reported as a factor to be taken into consideration in ecotoxicology, since temperature-dependent alterations in bioavailability, toxicokinetics and biotransformation rates can be expected. Sparus aurata were kept at 22. °C, 27. °C and 30. °C for 3. months in order to determine the temperature effect on metallothionein induction and metal bioaccumulation from a non-experimentally contaminated commercial fee…
Chloroanisoles in soils and earthworms
1993
One important group of metabolites of chlorophenols in Finnish soils is their methylation products, i.e. chloroanisoles. Bioaccumulation of chloroanisoles into the biomass of earthworms was studied both in laboratory and by taking earthworm samples from contaminated soils. Concentrations of these compounds in the soils were also analysed. In the laboratory experiment, concentrations of 2,3,4,6-tetrachloroanisole (2346-TeCA) and pentachloroanisole (PeCA) were high in earthworms 1 week after introduction (approx. 50 μ/g fat). Later on, the concentrations decreased to a low level at a considerable rate, bcth in soil and in earthworms. The higher the concentration of chloroanisoles in the soil …
Chloroterpenes and other organochlorines in Baltic, Finnish and Arctic wildlife
1991
Abstract Chloroterpene mixtures were analyzed as toxaphene (TOX) in Baltic, Finnish and Arctic fish, seal and bird samples together with DDT residues, hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCH), hexachlorobenzene (HCBz), chlordanes, hexachloronaphthalenes (HxCN), PCBs, PCDDs and PCDFs. TOX was found to be the most globally (evenly) distributed organochlorine compound in Scandinavia, thus far. TOX seemed to bioaccumulate significantly in fish but not in predatory birds in Finland.
Supercurrent Induced Charge-Spin Conversion in Spin-Split Superconductors
2017
We study spin-polarized quasiparticle transport in a mesoscopic superconductor with a spin- splitting field in the presence of co-flowing supercurrent. In such a system, the nonequilibrium state is characterized by charge, spin, energy and spin energy modes. Here we show that in the presence of both spin splitting and supercurrent, all these modes are mutually coupled. As a result, the supercurrent can convert charge imbalance, that in the presence of spin splitting decays on a relatively short scale, to a long-range spin accumulation decaying only via inelastic scattering. This effect enables coherent charge-spin conversion controllable by a magnetic flux, and it can be detected by studyin…
Trophic transfer of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in a boreal lake ecosystem: Testing of bioaccumulation models
2013
Understanding the fate of persistent organic chemicals in the environment is fundamental information for the successful protection of ecosystems and humans. A common dilemma in risk assessment is that monitoring data reveals contaminant concentrations in wildlife, while the source concentrations, route of uptake and acceptable source concentrations remain unsolved. To overcome this problem, different models have been developed in order to obtain more precise risk estimates for the food webs. However, there is still an urgent need for studies combining modelled and measured data in order to verify the functionality of the models. Studies utilising field-collected data covering entire food we…
Selenium bio-enrichment of Mediterranean fruit juices through lactic acid fermentation.
2021
Abstract This work was carried out to elaborate selenium (Se) bio-enriched fermented Mediterranean fruit juices. To this purpose, pomegranate and table red grape juices were added with sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) and fermented by Levilactobacillus brevis CRL 2051 and Fructobacillus tropaeoli CRL 2034 individually or combined. To better evaluate the effect of selenite addition and starter strain inoculums on the total bacterial community of the fruit juices, fermentation trials were performed with raw and pasteurized fruit juices. No statistical significant differences were observed for total mesophilic microorganisms (TMM) and rod-shaped lactic acid bacteria (LAB) levels among raw and pasteur…