Search results for "Acellular"
showing 10 items of 1986 documents
A nuclear glutathione cycle within the cell cycle
2010
The complex antioxidant network of plant and animal cells has the thiol tripeptide GSH at its centre to buffer ROS (reactive oxygen species) and facilitate cellular redox signalling which controls growth, development and defence. GSH is found in nearly every compartment of the cell, including the nucleus. Transport between the different intracellular compartments is pivotal to the regulation of cell proliferation. GSH co-localizes with nuclear DNA at the early stages of proliferation in plant and animal cells. Moreover, GSH recruitment and sequestration in the nucleus during the G1- and S-phases of the cell cycle has a profound impact on cellular redox homoeostasis and on gene expression. F…
High expression of QSOX1 reduces tumorogenesis, and is associated with a better outcome for breast cancer patients.
2012
International audience; ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: The gene quiescin/sulfhydryl oxidase 1, QSOX1, encodes an enzyme directed to the secretory pathway and excreted into the extracellular space. QSOX1 participates in the folding and stability of proteins and thus could regulate the biological activity of its substrates in the secretory pathway and/or outside the cell. The involvement of QSOX1 in oncogenesis has been studied primarily in terms of its differential expression in systemic studies. QSOX1 is overexpressed in prostate cancers and in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. In contrast, QSOX1 gene expression is repressed in endothelial tumors. In the present study, we investigated the role of QSOX1 i…
Role of humanin, a mitochondrial-derived peptide, in cardiovascular disorders
2020
The mitochondria produce specific peptides-mitochondrial-derived peptides-that mediate the transcriptional stress response by their translocation into the nucleus and interaction with deoxyribonucleic acid. Mitochondrial-derived peptides are regulators of metabolism. This class of peptides comprises humanin, mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S ribosomal ribonucleic acid type c (MOTS-c) and small humanin-like peptides (SHLPs). Humanin inhibits mitochondrial complex 1 activity and limits the level of oxidative stress in the cell. Data show that mitochondrial-derived peptides have a role in improving metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes. Perhaps humanin can be used as a marker f…
Transport of resveratrol, a cancer chemopreventive agent, to cellular targets: plasmatic protein binding and cell uptake
2004
Resveratrol produced by several plants, berries and fruits, including grapes, is one of the best known natural food microcomponents with potent chemopreventive properties towards the most severe contemporary human diseases: cardiovascular sickness, cancer and neurodegenerative pathologies. Demonstration of its mechanism of action also implies the elucidation of the steps of bioavailability and bioabsorption in cells and tissues. In order to estimate the relationships between the amounts of resveratrol taken up by food or drink intake, and the several possible benefits illustrated from in vitro/in vivo experiments and from epidemiological studies, it is essential to demonstrate step by step …
Adult Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer Treatment: Opportunities and Challenges
2020
Adult stem cells (SCs) participate in tissue repair and homeostasis regulation. The relative ease of SC handling and their therapeutic effect has made of these cell popular candidates for cellular therapy. However, several problems interfere with their clinical application in cancer treatment, like safety issues, unpredictable pro-tumour effects, and tissue entrapment. Therefore cell-free therapies that exhibit SC properties are being investigated. It is now well known that adult SCs exhibit their therapeutic effect via paracrine mechanisms. In addition to secretory proteins, SCs also release extracellular vesicles (EV) that deliver their contents to the target cells. Cancer treatment is on…
Cadmium and mitochondria
2009
The heavy metal cadmium (Cd) a pollutant associated with several modern industrial processes, is absorbed in significant quantities from cigarette smoke, water, food and air contaminations. It is known to have numerous undesirable effects on health in both experimental animals and humans, targeting kidney, liver and vascular system. The molecular mechanism accounting for most of the biological effects of Cd are not well-understood and the toxicity targets are largely unidentified. The present review focuses on important recent advances about the effects of cadmium on mitochondria of mammalian cells. Mitochondria are the proverbial powerhouses of the cell, running the fundamental biochemical…
Spot compliant neuronal networks by structure optimized micro-contact printing
2001
Neuronal cell growth in vitro can be controlled with micropatterned structures of extracellular matrix proteins such as laminin. This technique is a powerful tool for studying neuronal cell function in order to increase experimental reproducibility and to specifically design innovative experimental setups. In this paper the correlation between the structural dimensions of the ECM pattern and the shape of the resulting cellular network is analyzed. The aim of the present study was to position neuronal cell bodies as precisely as possible and to induce directed cell differentiation. PCC7-MzN cells were cultured on laminin patterns. The line width, node size and gap size in-between cell adhesi…
Differentiation of Type 1 ILCs from a Common Progenitor to All Helper-like Innate Lymphoid Cell Lineages
2014
SummaryInnate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a recently recognized group of lymphocytes that have important functions in protecting epithelial barriers against infections and in maintaining organ homeostasis. ILCs have been categorized into three distinct groups, transcriptional circuitry and effector functions of which strikingly resemble the various T helper cell subsets. Here, we identify a common, Id2-expressing progenitor to all interleukin 7 receptor-expressing, “helper-like” ILC lineages, the CHILP. Interestingly, the CHILP differentiated into ILC2 and ILC3 lineages, but not into conventional natural killer (cNK) cells that have been considered an ILC1 subset. Instead, the CHILP gave rise…
Murine muscle engineered from dermal precursors: an in vitro model for skeletal muscle generation, degeneration and fatty infiltration.
2013
Skeletal muscle can be engineered by converting dermal precursors into muscle progenitors and differentiated myocytes. However, the efficiency of muscle development remains relatively low and it is currently unclear if this is due to poor characterization of the myogenic precursors, the protocols used for cell differentiation, or a combination of both. In this study, we characterized myogenic precursors present in murine dermospheres, and evaluated mature myotubes grown in a novel three-dimensional culture system. After 5-7 days of differentiation, we observed isolated, twitching myotubes followed by spontaneous contractions of the entire tissue-engineered muscle construct on an extracellul…