Search results for "Acidification"

showing 10 items of 173 documents

Seawater carbonate chemistry and coralline algal diversity

2021

Calcified coralline algae are ecologically important in rocky habitats in the marine photic zone worldwide and there is growing concern that ocean acidification will severely impact them. Laboratory studies of these algae in simulated ocean acidification conditions have revealed wide variability in growth, photosynthesis and calcification responses, making it difficult to assess their future biodiversity, abundance and contribution to ecosystem function. Here, we apply molecular systematic tools to assess the impact of natural gradients in seawater carbonate chemistry on the biodiversity of coralline algae in the Mediterranean and the NW Pacific, link this to their evolutionary history and …

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)TemperateSalinityCommunity composition and diversityBicarbonate ion standard deviationinorganicAlkalinity total standard deviationAlkalinityExperimentTemperature waterCarbon inorganic dissolvedCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al 2010Aragonite saturation stateNorth PacificMarine habitatAlkalinity totaltotalCO2 ventpHTemperaturedissolvedCarbonate ionPartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)Calcium carbonate standard deviationstandard errorEarth System Researchstandard deviationField observationCalcium carbonateCoverageCalcite saturation stateLocationwaterPartial pressure of carbon dioxideSiteRocky-shore communityCalcium carbonate massAragonite saturation state standard deviationBenthosSalinity standard deviationOcean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA ICCMediterranean SeaCarbon inorganic dissolved standard deviationCalcite saturation state standard deviationTypeBicarbonate ionCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)Coverage standard errorfungiEvent labelPartial pressure of carbon dioxide standard deviationCarbonate system computation flagpH standard deviationCarbonate ion standard deviationFugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)CarbonPartial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCarbon dioxideRocky shore communityEntire communityFugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCoast and continental shelfSpecies richness
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Decline in Coccolithophore Diversity and Impact on Coccolith Morphogenesis Along a Natural CO2 Gradient

2014

A natural pH gradient caused by marine CO2 seeps off Vulcano Island (Italy) was used to assess the effects of ocean acidification on coccolithophores, which are abundant planktonic unicellular calcifiers. Such seeps are used as natural laboratories to study the effects of ocean acidification on marine ecosystems, since they cause long-term changes in seawater carbonate chemistry and pH, exposing the organisms to elevated CO2 concentrations and therefore mimicking future scenarios. Previous work at CO2 seeps has focused exclusively on benthic organisms. Here we show progressive depletion of 27 coccolithophore species, in terms of cell concentrations and diversity, along a calcite saturation …

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)TemperateSalinityCommunity composition and diversityinorganicAlkalinityCoccospheres malformedMediterranean Sea Acidification in a Changing Climate MedSeATemperature waterCarbon inorganic dissolvedCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al 2010Aragonite saturation stateAlkalinity totaltotalCO2 ventpHPelagosTemperaturedissolvedCarbonate ionPartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)Earth System ResearchmalformedField observationPotentiometric titrationCalcite saturation stateCoccospheresPotentiometricwaterGrowth MorphologyMediterranean Sea Acidification in a Changing Climate (MedSeA)Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA ICCMediterranean SeaBicarbonate ionCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)Calculated using CO2SYSfungiCarbonate system computation flagCoccospheres corrodedFugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)CarbonBiomass/Abundance/Elemental compositionPartial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airSample IDCarbon dioxidecorrodedEntire communityGrowth/MorphologyPhytoplanktonFugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airBiomass Abundance Elemental compositionCoast and continental shelfNumber of species
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Shallow water marine sediment bacterial community shifts along a natural CO2 gradient in the Mediterranean Sea Off vulcano, Italy

2014

The effects of increasing atmospheric CO(2) on ocean ecosystems are a major environmental concern, as rapid shoaling of the carbonate saturation horizon is exposing vast areas of marine sediments to corrosive waters worldwide. Natural CO(2) gradients off Vulcano, Italy, have revealed profound ecosystem changes along rocky shore habitats as carbonate saturation levels decrease, but no investigations have yet been made of the sedimentary habitat. Here, we sampled the upper 2 cm of volcanic sand in three zones, ambient (median pCO(2) 419 µatm, minimum Omega (arag) 3.77), moderately CO(2)-enriched (median pCO(2) 592 µatm, minimum Omega (arag) 2.96), and highly CO(2)-enriched (median pCO(2) 1611…

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)TemperateSalinityPotentiometric titrationCalcite saturation stateCommunity composition and diversityPotentiometricinorganicwaterAlkalinitySiteFigureBenthosTemperature waterCarbon inorganic dissolvedAbundanceCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al 2010Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA ICCMediterranean SeaBicarbonate ionAragonite saturation stateSoft-bottom communityAlkalinity totalLONGITUDEtotalCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)CO2 ventSpeciesShannon Diversity IndexpHCalculated using CO2SYSTemperatureCarbonate system computation flagdissolvedFugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)Carbonate ionCarbonPartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)Partial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCarbon dioxideSoft bottom communityEntire communityEarth System ResearchLATITUDEFugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airGroupCoast and continental shelfField observationClass
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Warming and acidification effects on biofilm/grazer interaction in an early-stage rocky intertidal community

2016

Anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are increasing greenhouse effects and changing seawater carbonate chemistry, leading to ocean warming and acidification. Increasing temperature and decreasing seawater pH can potentially interact to cause changes in species interactions and community shifts. To understand how ocean warming and acidification may affect the early stages of an intertidal community in the Mediterranean, we set up an in situ experiment and assessed potential changes in grazer density andbiofilm composition by manipulating temperature on bare rock plots (10x10cm)in two locations along a natural coastal CO2 gradient (Low pH: 7.8 pH, and Ambient:8.1 pH) off Vulcano Islan…

Ocean acidification temperature multiple stressors biofilm grazers.
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Trace elements in shells of common gastropods in the near vicinity of a natural CO<sub>2</sub> vent: no evidence of pH-de…

2014

Abstract. There is concern that the use of natural volcanic CO2 vents as analogs for studies of the impacts of ocean acidification on marine organisms are biased due to physiochemical influences other than seawater pH alone. One issue that has been raised is whether potentially harmful trace elements in sediments that are rendered more soluble and labile in low pH environments are made more bioavailable, and sequestered in the local flora and fauna at harmful levels. In order to evaluate this hypothesis, we analyzed the concentrations of trace elements in shells (an established proxy for tissues) of four species of gastropods (two limpets, a topshell and a whelk) collected from three sites …

OceanographyWhelkbiologyPatella caeruleaTrace elementHexaplex trunculusOcean acidificationSeawaterbiology.organism_classificationCaeruleaBay
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Metazoan calcium carbonate biomineralizations: macroevolutionary trends – challenges for the coming decade

2014

AbstractCalcium carbonate-based biominerals, also referred as biocalcifications, are the most abundant biogenic mineralized products at the surface of the Earth. In this paper, we summarize general concepts on biocalcifications and we sketch macro-evolutionary trends throughout the history of the Earth, from Archean to Phanerozoic times. Then, we expose five fundamental issues that represent key-challenges in biocalcification researches for the coming decade: the first one concerns the comprehension of the micro- and nano-structure of calcium carbonate biominerals from a mineral viewpoint, while the second one deals with the understanding of the dynamic process of their fabrication. The thi…

Paleontologychemistry.chemical_compoundCalcium carbonatechemistryArcheanEarth scienceGeologyOcean acidificationGeologyBiomineralizationBulletin de la Société Géologique de France
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Development of conservation methods for the restoration of paper materials

Paper, one of the most common materials of Cultural Heritage, undergoes serious deterioration caused by physical, chemical and biological factors. One of the main causes of deterioration is the acidic and/or oxidative environment. The studies of deterioration and conservation of paper have been increasing and require further development of methods and treatments that can stabilize and strengthen the paper. Various conservation treatments are being applied to model and to historical paper by using different chemicals methods. Their effectiveness for conservation and restoration are under study. Internal and external factors degrade the paper by promoting various reaction pathways. The two mo…

Papernanolimetert-butyl amine borane complexnanoparticles synthesisdeacidificationPaper; deacidification; reduction; nanolime; tert-butyl amine borane complex; nanoparticles synthesisreduction
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The duality of ocean acidification as a resource and a stressor

2018

Ecologically dominant species often define ecosystem states, but as human disturbances intensify, their subordinate counterparts increasingly displace them. We consider the duality of disturbance by examining how environmental drivers can simultaneously act as a stressor to dominant species and as a resource to subordinates. Using a model ecosystem, we demonstrate that CO2-driven interactions between species can account for such reversals in dominance; i.e., the displacement of dominants (kelp forests) by subordinates (turf algae). We established that CO2 enrichment had a direct positive effect on productivity of turfs, but a negligible effect on kelp. CO2 enrichment further suppressed the …

Settore BIO/07 - Ecologia0106 biological sciences010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciencesKelpClimate change01 natural sciencesphase shiftAnimalsHumansDominance (ecology)SeawaterEcosystemcalcifying herbivores14. Life underwaterEcosystemEcology Evolution Behavior and Systematics0105 earth and related environmental sciencesTurf algaebiologyEcology010604 marine biology & hydrobiologykelp forestStressorOcean acidificationCarbon DioxideHydrogen-Ion Concentration15. Life on landbiology.organism_classificationKelp forestturf algaeclimate changeKelp13. Climate actionEnvironmental scienceCO2calcifying herbivores climate change CO2 kelp forest phase shift turf algae Animals Carbon Dioxide Humans Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Seawater Ecosystem KelpEcology
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Effects of ocean acidification on the shells of four Mediterranean gastropod species near a CO2 seep

2017

Marine CO2seeps allow the study of the long-term effects of elevated pCO2(ocean acidification) on marine invertebrate biomineralization. We investigated the effects of ocean acidification on shell composition and structure in four ecologically important species of Mediterranean gastropods (two limpets, a top-shell snail, and a whelk). Individuals were sampled from three sites near a volcanic CO2seep off Vulcano Island, Italy. The three sites represented ambient (8.15 pH), moderate (8.03 pH) and low (7.73 pH) seawater mean pH. Shell mineralogy, microstructure, and mechanical strength were examined in all four species. We found that the calcite/aragonite ratio could vary and increased signifi…

Settore BIO/07 - Ecologia0106 biological sciences010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciencesMediterraneanAquatic Scienceengineering.materialOceanography01 natural scienceschemistry.chemical_compoundWhelkCO2 seepShellGastropodMineral0105 earth and related environmental sciencesCalcitebiologyOcean acidification010604 marine biology & hydrobiologyLimpetAragoniteOcean acidificationMarine invertebratesbiology.organism_classificationPollutionPetroleum seepOceanographychemistryengineeringSeawaterGeologyMarine Pollution Bulletin
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Altered epiphyte community and sea urchin diet in Posidonia oceanica meadows in the vicinity of volcanic CO2 vents

2017

Ocean acidification (OA) predicted for 2100 is expected to shift seagrass epiphyte communities towards the dominance of more tolerant non-calcifying taxa. However, little is known about the indirect effects of such changes on food provision to key seagrass consumers. We found that epiphyte communities of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica in two naturally acidified sites (i.e. north and south sides of a volcanic CO2 vent) and in a control site away from the vent at the Ischia Island (NW Mediterranean Sea) significantly differed in composition and abundance. Such differences involved a higher abundance of non-calcareous crustose brown algae and a decline of calcifying polychaetes in both acidif…

Settore BIO/07 - Ecologia0106 biological sciencesAssemblagesPH reductionAlgalGrowthAquatic ScienceOceanography010603 evolutionary biology01 natural sciencesParacentrotus lividusAcidificationAlgaeParacentrotus-lividus lam.Seawater14. Life underwaterHerbivoryClimate-changebiologyEcology010604 marine biology & hydrobiologyCoralline algaeGeneral MedicineEcosystem shiftsbiology.organism_classificationPollutionSeagrass13. Climate actionPosidonia oceanicaEpiphyteCrustoseSeagrass meadowsCoastal waters Coralline algae Calcifying organisms Community composition Epiphytes Global change Gut content Marine ecology Ocean acidification Paracentrotus lividus Seagrass
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