Search results for "Activation"
showing 10 items of 2079 documents
Tumor-derived immuno-modulators induce overlapping pro-tolerogenic gene expression signatures in human dendritic cells.
2016
Immature dendritic cells (iDCs) and tolerogenic DCs are essential for the induction and maintenance of peripheral tolerance. Tumors produce immuno-modulatory factors which imprint a pro-tolerogenic, maturation-resistant state in DCs. Here we asked for common markers of differentially tolerized human monocyte-derived DC populations. For this, PBMC-derived monocytes were differentiated to DCs in the presence of established immuno-modulators as released by tumors (IL-6, IL-10, TGF-β, glucocorticoid [GC], prostaglandin E2 [PGE2]). Most unstimulated pro-tolerogenic DC populations commonly over-expressed some tolerance-associated markers (ILT-4, IL-10, HO-1) as compared with iDCs. These markers m…
Ferritin and C-reactive protein are predictive biomarkers of mortality and macrophage activation syndrome in adult onset Still's disease. Analysis of…
2020
ObjectiveTo assess the predictive role of ferritin and C-reactive protein (CRP) on occurrence of macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) and mortality in patients with adult onset Still's disease (AOSD), a rare and severe disease, included in the multicentre Gruppo Italiano di Ricerca in Reumatologia Clinica e Sperimentale (GIRRCS) cohort.MethodsThe predictive role, at the time of diagnosis, of serum levels of ferritin and CRP on occurrence of MAS and mortality, was evaluated by logistic regression analyses and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were built to identify patients at high risk of MAS and mortality, respectively.ResultsIn assessed 147 patients with AOSD, levels of ferri…
STRIPAK Members Orchestrate Hippo and Insulin Receptor Signaling to Promote Neural Stem Cell Reactivation
2019
Summary Adult stem cells reactivate from quiescence to maintain tissue homeostasis and in response to injury. How the underlying regulatory signals are integrated is largely unknown. Drosophila neural stem cells (NSCs) also leave quiescence to generate adult neurons and glia, a process that is dependent on Hippo signaling inhibition and activation of the insulin-like receptor (InR)/PI3K/Akt cascade. We performed a transcriptome analysis of individual quiescent and reactivating NSCs harvested directly from Drosophila brains and identified the conserved STRIPAK complex members mob4, cka, and PP2A (microtubule star, mts). We show that PP2A/Mts phosphatase, with its regulatory subunit Widerbors…
Pantethine Alters Lipid Composition and Cholesterol Content of Membrane Rafts, With Down-Regulation of CXCL12-Induced T Cell Migration
2015
Pantethine, a natural low-molecular-weight thiol, shows broad activity in a large range of essential cellular pathways. It has been long known as a hypolipidemic and hypocholesterolemic agent. We showed recently that it exerts a neuroprotective action in mouse models of cerebral malaria and Parkinson's disease through multiple mechanisms. In the present study we looked at its effects on membrane lipid rafts that serve as platforms for molecules engaged in cell activity, therefore providing a target against inappropriate cell response leading to chronic inflammation. We found that pantethine-treated cells showed a significant change in raft fatty acid composition and cholesterol content, wit…
Thermokinetic Investigation of the Drying Conditions on Amorphous Calcium Phosphate
2017
The present work investigated dried calcium phosphate powders which still retain an amorphous or poorly crystalline structure under a variety of conditions. In previous studies, freeze-drying was found to be the optimum drying condition. However, several publications, as well as our previous studies, have shown that calcium phosphate amorphous, or a poorly crystalline structure, can retain their structure even if the samples are dried immediately after synthesis up to 200°C. In our study, we used the thermokinetic studies FTIR and XRD and showed that the samples are amorphous, or poorly crystalline, but were unable to answer the questions: Is there a difference between the differently dried…
Endogenous Myoglobin in Breast Cancer Is Hypoxia-inducible by Alternative Transcription and Functions to Impair Mitochondrial Activity
2011
Recently, immunohistochemical analysis of myoglobin (MB) in human breast cancer specimens has revealed a surprisingly widespread expression of MB in this nonmuscle context. The positive correlation with hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α) and carbonic anhydrase IX suggested that oxygen regulates myoglobin expression in breast carcinomas. Here, we report that MB mRNA and protein levels are robustly induced by prolonged hypoxia in breast cancer cell lines, in part via HIF-1/2-dependent transactivation. The hypoxia-induced MB mRNA originated from a novel alternative transcription start site 6 kb upstream of the ATG codon. MB regulation in normal and tumor tissue may thus be fundamentally diff…
Nordic walking influence on biomechanical parameters: a systematic review
2020
INTRODUCTION Nordic walking (NW) as a form of physical activity has been shown to have benefits in various domains, but little is known about the effect of NW on more specific biomechanical parameters. The purpose is to determine the impact of NW on the following parameters: walking speed/distance, muscle activation, spatiotemporal parameters, kinematics and ground reaction force. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A literature search was carried out in different databases from October 2008 to October 2018. This review was conducted and reported in accordance with the PRISMA statement. Finally, 42 studies with a median PEDro Score of 5.5/10 were included. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS The included studies reported …
Metabolic detoxification: implications for thresholds.
2000
The fact that chemical carcinogenesis involves single, isolated, essentially irreversible molecular events as discrete steps, several of which must occur in a row to finally culminate in the development of a malignancy, rather suggests that an absolute threshold for chemical carcinogens may not exist. However, practical thresholds may exist due to saturable pathways involved in the metabolic processing, especially in the metabolic inactivation, of such compounds. An important example for such a pathway is the enzymatic hydrolysis of epoxides via epoxide hydrolases, a group of enzymes for which the catalytic mechanism has recently been established. These enzymes convert their substrates via…
Gamma interferon blocks gammaherpesvirus reactivation from latency in a cell type-specific manner
2007
Gammaherpesviruses are important pathogens whose lifelong survival in the host depends critically on their capacity to establish and reactivate from latency, processes regulated by both viral genes and the host immune response. Previous work has demonstrated that gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) is a key regulator of chronic infection with murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (gammaHV68), a virus that establishes latent infection in B lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. In mice deficient in IFN-gamma or the IFN-gamma receptor, gammaHV68 gene expression is altered during chronic infection, and peritoneal cells explanted from these mice reactivate more efficiently ex vivo than cells derived from…
Endogenous peroxynitrite modulates PGHS-1–dependent thromboxane A2 formation and aggregation in human platelets
2008
Aggregation of activated platelets is considerably mediated by the autocrine action of thromboxane A2 (TxA2) which is formed in a prostaglandin endoperoxide H2 synthase-1 (PGHS-1 or COX-1)-dependent manner. The activity of PGHS-1 can be stimulated by peroxides, an effect termed "peroxide tone", that renders PGHS-1 the key regulatory enzyme in the formation of TxA2. Activated platelets release nitric oxide (*NO) and superoxide (O*2) but their interactions with the prostanoid pathway have been controversially discussed in platelet physiology and pathophysiology. The current study demonstrates that endogenously formed peroxynitrite at nanomolar concentrations, originating from the interaction …