Search results for "Activin-A"
showing 5 items of 5 documents
Activin-A, myostatin and interleukin-6 in cancer associated cachexia
2017
Cachexia is a muscle wasting condition associated with multiple different chronic illnesses, such as cancer, diabetes and AIDS. In cancer, approximately 80% of patients with advanced disease have symptoms of muscle wasting, and around 25% of cancer mortality concerns cachexia. Elevated serum levels of different cytokines and TGF-β protein family members, such as Interleukin-6, Myostatin and Activin-A, have been observed in cachetic patients and test animals. However, the mechanistic role and the relative contribution of these molecules to muscle loss in the syndrome have not yet been fully elucidated. In this thesis, the gene-expression levels of Activin-A, Myostatin and Interleukin-6 was a…
Systemic blockade of ACVR2B ligands protects myocardium from acute ischemia-reperfusion injury
2019
Activin A and myostatin, members of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily of secreted factors, are potent negative regulators of muscle growth, but their contribution to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is not known. The aim of this study was to investigate if activin 2B (ACVR2B) receptor ligands contribute to myocardial IR injury. Mice were treated with soluble ACVR2B decoy receptor (ACVR2B-Fc) and subjected to myocardial ischemia followed by reperfusion for 6 or 24 h. Systemic blockade of ACVR2B ligands by ACVR2B-Fc was protective against cardiac IR injury, as evidenced by reduced infarcted area, apoptosis, and autophagy and better preserved LV systolic function fo…
Treating cachexia using soluble ACVR2B improves survival, alters mTOR localization, and attenuates liver and spleen responses.
2018
Background Cancer cachexia increases morbidity and mortality, and blocking of activin receptor ligands has improved survival in experimental cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully uncovered. Methods The effects of blocking activin receptor type 2 (ACVR2) ligands on both muscle and non‐muscle tissues were investigated in a preclinical model of cancer cachexia using a recombinant soluble ACVR2B (sACVR2B‐Fc). Treatment with sACVR2B‐Fc was applied either only before the tumour formation or with continued treatment both before and after tumour formation. The potential roles of muscle and non‐muscle tissues in cancer cachexia were investigated in order to understand th…
Differentiation of Murine C2C12 Myoblasts Strongly Reduces the Effects of Myostatin on Intracellular Signaling
2020
Alongside in vivo models, a simpler and more mechanistic approach is required to study the effects of myostatin on skeletal muscle because myostatin is an important negative regulator of muscle size. In this study, myostatin was administered to murine (C2C12) and human (CHQ) myoblasts and myotubes. Canonical and noncanonical signaling downstream to myostatin, related ligands, and their receptor were analyzed. The effects of tumorkines were analyzed after coculture of C2C12 and colon cancer-C26 cells. The effects of myostatin on canonical and noncanonical signaling were strongly reduced in C2C12 cells after differentiation. This may be explained by increased follistatin, an endogenous blocke…
Heterogeneity of Stem Cells in the Thyroid
2019
Identification of thyroid stem cells in the past few years has made important contributions to our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that induce tissue regeneration and repair. Embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced-pluripotent stem cells have been used to establish reliable protocols to obtain mature thyrocytes and functional follicles for the treatment of thyroid diseases in mice. In addition, the discovery of resident thyroid progenitor cells, along with other sources of stem cells, has defined in detail the mechanisms responsible for tissue repair upon moderate or severe organ injury.In this chapter, we highlight in detail the current state of research on thyroid ste…