Search results for "Adaptive"

Memory CD8+ T Cell Protection From Viral Reinfection Depends on Interleukin-33 Alarmin Signals

2019

Memory CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) can protect against viral reinfection. However, the signals driving rapid memory CTL reactivation have remained ill-defined. Viral infections can trigger the release of the alarmin interleukin-33 (IL-33) from non-hematopoietic cells. IL-33 signals through its unique receptor ST2 to promote primary effector expansion and activation of CTLs. Here, we show that the transcription factor STAT4 regulated the expression of ST2 on CTLs in vitro and in vivo in primary infections with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). In the primary antiviral response, IL-33 enhanced effector differentiation and antiviral cytokine production in a CTL-intrinsic manne…

Genotype-specific vs. cross-reactive host immunity against a macroparasite

2013

Vertebrate hosts often defend themselves against several co-infecting parasite genotypes simultaneously. This has important implications for the ecological dynamics and the evolution of host defence systems and parasite strategies. For example, it can drive the specificity of the adaptive immune system towards high genotype-specificity or cross-reactivity against several parasite genotypes depending on the sequence and probability of re-infections. However, to date, there is very little evidence on these interactions outside mammalian disease literature. In this study we asked whether genotype-specific or cross-reactive responses dominate in the adaptive immune system of a fish host towards…

On developing adaptive vocabulary learning game for children with an early language delay

2018

Vocabulary replenishment is an ordinary child development process. Deviations in this process can significantly affect the further progress and perception of the educational material in the school. A hypothesis was proposed that the similarity of words on various factors can influence the child's understanding. To test this hypothesis in this work, we propose the development of AdapTalk game for children. This game is concentrated on learning words, in the context of animals. The game will create the basis for further testing the influence of the semantic similarity of words for the child. This work describes the development background, the basic principles of calculating the semantic simil…

Music mood annotation using semantic computing and machine learning

2015

Etyczny wymiar edukacji : zobowiązanie wspólnoty czy balast przeszłości?

2018

Punktem wyjścia tekstu jest teza, że o edukacji, która jest przedmiotem pedagogiki, jej profesjonalnych badań i analiz, często się dzisiaj mówi i pisze w sposób potoczny, zdroworozsądkowy. To znacznie utrudnia debatę, stawianie i rozwiązywanie problemów związanych z edukacją. W tekście zaprezentowano typy wiedzy potocznej, jej funkcje, ograniczenia. Pokazano różne ujęcia edukacji - adaptacyjne, emancypacyjne, pajdocentryczne, progresywistyczne. Pokazano, że sposób stawiania problemów edukacji zależy od przyjętej koncepcji. Zaproponowano przezwyciężenie tego zdroworozsądkowego edukacyjnego dyskursu przez dyskurs profesjonalny, oparty na pedagogicznej kulturze uznania.

Maladaptive music listening strategies are modulated by individual traits

2022

Music listening is a great resource for mental well-being, pleasure, and self-regulation, but it may also be maladaptive. Depression, for instance, has been shown to relate to music use that is characterized by rumination, avoidance, and mood worsening. However, we know little of the role of individual differences in such maladaptive music use. Hence, this study focused on examining the role of personality, empathic traits, emotional contagion, and the types of musical reward as predictors of maladaptive music listening. Participants ( N = 318) answered an online survey comprising measures for the abovementioned traits in addition to the Healthy-Unhealthy Music Scale (HUMS) as a measure of…

A coupled discontinuous Galerkin-Finite Volume framework for solving gas dynamics over embedded geometries

2021

Author(s): Gulizzi, Vincenzo; Almgren, Ann S; Bell, John B | Abstract: We present a computational framework for solving the equations of inviscid gas dynamics using structured grids with embedded geometries. The novelty of the proposed approach is the use of high-order discontinuous Galerkin (dG) schemes and a shock-capturing Finite Volume (FV) scheme coupled via an $hp$ adaptive mesh refinement ($hp$-AMR) strategy that offers high-order accurate resolution of the embedded geometries. The $hp$-AMR strategy is based on a multi-level block-structured domain partition in which each level is represented by block-structured Cartesian grids and the embedded geometry is represented implicitly by a…

Students’ multiple state goals as a function of appraisals, trait goals, and their interactions

2017

Abstract Although many motivational theories have emphasized that person- and situation-based aspects should be recognized simultaneously when explaining actual learning behavior, not much is known about the occurrence of state goals. The model of adaptive learning (Boekaerts & Niemivierta, 2000) proposes that state goals are influenced by trait goals, perceptions of the situation (i.e., appraisals), and interactions between trait goals and appraisals. Nevertheless, empirical evidence for this model is scarce. The present study aimed to overcome this research deficit by integrating trait goals and appraisals as well as their interactions in explaining state goals in authentic learning episo…

Weight Bias Internalization

2018

Weight stigma typically focuses on suggestions that people with overweight and obesity are incompetent and immoral. Integrating so far unconnected lines of research, the current research presents two studies that examine the motivational relevance of these aspects of weight stigma. Specifically, we tested the proposition that people with overweight and obesity respond differently to the public viewing them as incompetent compared to immoral, as these aspects of weight stigma differ in reparability. We expect that threats to competence are more acceptable and thus related to a constructive response that is more effective in losing weight in the long-run. By contrast, we propose that threats …

Data from: Positive selection in development and growth rate regulation genes involved in species divergence of the genus Radix

2015

Background: Life history traits like developmental time, age and size at maturity are directly related to fitness in all organisms and play a major role in adaptive evolution and speciation processes. Comparative genomic or transcriptomic approaches to identify positively selected genes involved in species divergence can help to generate hypotheses on the driving forces behind speciation. Here we use a bottom-up approach to investigate this hypothesis by comparative analysis of orthologous transcripts of four closely related European Radix species. Results: Snails of the genus Radix occupy species specific distribution ranges with distinct climatic niches, indicating a potential for natural…