Search results for "Administration"

showing 10 items of 5106 documents

Retrograde transport of sodium selenite and intracellular injection of micro-ruby: a combined method to describe the morphology of zinc-rich neurones.

2003

Abstract Zinc is found in synaptic vesicles in a large number of glutamatergic systems. Its involvement in neurotransmission and neurological disorders has been suggested. There are methods for tracing these circuits, but they do not fill the dendritic tree. In this study, extracellular selenite injections in vivo were combined with intracellular injection of fluorochromes in fixed tissue to reveal the morphology of these zinc-rich neurones. Intraperitoneal and intracerebral injections of sodium selenite alone or intracerebral injections of selenite combined with bisbenzimide were made in the visual cortex of the rat in order to locate the somata of zinc-rich neurones. After 24 h of retrogr…

BisbenzimideMaleSilver StainingBiotinCell CountNeurotransmissionBiologySynaptic vesicleRats Inbred WKYchemistry.chemical_compoundSodium SeleniteBiocytinNeural PathwaysExtracellularAnimalsRats WistarVisual CortexNeuronsLucifer yellowMicroscopy ConfocalRhodaminesGeneral NeuroscienceDrug Administration RoutesLysineDextransSomatosensory CortexIontophoresisIsoquinolinesRatsNeuroanatomyZincnervous systemchemistryBiochemistryAxoplasmic transportBiophysicsInjections JetExtracellular SpaceIntracellularInjections IntraperitonealJournal of neuroscience methods
researchProduct

A CASCADE of effects of bisphenol A

2009

International audience

Bisphenol AHalogenation[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]AGENT ENDOCRINOTOXIQUEEndocrine Disruptors010501 environmental sciencesToxicologyPhotochemistry01 natural scienceschemistry.chemical_compoundGovernment regulationPregnancyENDOCRINE DISRUPTIONRISK ASSESSMENTComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUSmedia_common0303 health sciencesChemistryEuropeCascadeFemaleCanadamedicine.medical_specialtyFood Contamination03 medical and health sciencesHORMONE RECEPTORSFetusPhenolsInternal medicinemedicineAnimalsHumansmedia_common.cataloged_instance[INFO]Computer Science [cs]European UnionLOW-DOSE EFFECTS DEVELOPMENTBenzhydryl CompoundsEuropean union030304 developmental biology0105 earth and related environmental sciencesDose-Response Relationship DrugUnited States Food and Drug AdministrationInfant NewbornÉVALUATION RISQUEInfant newbornUnited StatesRatsEndocrinologyGovernment RegulationBISPHENOL A
researchProduct

The influence of different generations of computer algorithms on diabetes control

1990

With all control schedules, the management of diabetes is possible using Skyler's algorithm. In general, those control algorithms which do not allow the individual adaptation to changing conditions lead to overinsulinisation. So-called meal-related algorithms do usually minimise the fluctuations in blood sugar. The introduction of self-adapting algorithms, detecting peripheral insulin resistance, may further improve metabolic diabetes control.

Blood GlucoseControl algorithmbusiness.industryControl (management)Blood sugarHealth InformaticsPeripheral insulin resistancemedicine.diseaseDrug Administration ScheduleComputer Science ApplicationsEatingDiabetes controlTherapy Computer-AssistedDiabetes mellitusDiabetes MellitusmedicineHumansInsulinProspective StudiesAdaptation (computer science)businessAlgorithmAlgorithmsSoftwareRetrospective StudiesComputer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine
researchProduct

Severe hypoglycemia is associated with antidiabetic oral treatment compared with insulin analogs in nursing home patients with type 2 diabetes and de…

2015

Abstract Objectives Severe hypoglycemia is associated with cognitive decline and dementia in older persons with type 2 diabetes. The role of antidiabetic treatments on severe hypoglycemia is unknown in dementia. The aims were to determine the prevalence of severe hypoglycemic events and investigate associations among severe hypoglycemic and specific antidiabetic treatments (classes of oral agents and types of insulin analogs) in a large sample of nursing home patients with diabetes according to dementia status. Design Cross-sectional observational study. Setting A total of 150 nursing homes across Italy. Participants A total of 2258 patients with type 2 diabetes (dementia = 1138, no dementi…

Blood GlucoseMaleAgingSevere hypoglycemia dementia insulin analogs antidiabetic oral agents agingmedicine.medical_treatmentInsulin analogAdministration OralType 2 diabetesSeverity of Illness IndexInsulin AntagonistsReference ValuesOdds RatioPrevalenceHomes for the AgedInsulinReference ValueCognitive declineNursing (all)2901 Nursing (miscellaneous)General NursingAged 80 and overInsulin AntagonistMedicine (all)Health PolicyAging; Antidiabetic oral agents; Dementia; Insulin analogs; Severe hypoglycemia; Administration Oral; Age Distribution; Aged; Aged 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Confidence Intervals; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dementia; Diabetes Mellitus Type 2; Female; Homes for the Aged; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin Antagonists; Italy; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Nursing Homes; Odds Ratio; Prevalence; Prognosis; Reference Values; Risk Assessment; Severity of Illness Index; Sex Distribution; Sulfonylurea Compounds; Nursing (all)2901 Nursing (miscellaneous); Health PolicyGeneral MedicineMiddle AgedPrognosisSulfonylurea CompoundNursing HomeItalyFemaleHumanmedicine.medical_specialtyLogistic ModelPrognosiHypoglycemiaelderly patientsRisk AssessmentAge DistributionInternal medicineDiabetes mellitusmedicineConfidence IntervalsDementiaHumansHypoglycemic AgentsSex DistributionAgedAntidiabetic oral agentCross-Sectional StudieSevere hypoglycemiaHypoglycemic Agentbusiness.industryInsulinOdds ratiomedicine.diseaseHypoglycemiaNursing HomesEndocrinologyCross-Sectional StudiesLogistic ModelsSulfonylurea CompoundsDiabetes Mellitus Type 2DementiaGeriatrics and GerontologybusinessConfidence IntervalBody mass indexJournal of the American Medical Directors Association
researchProduct

Hypothalamic reactive oxygen species are required for insulin-induced food intake inhibition: an NADPH oxidase-dependent mechanism

2009

1939-327X (Electronic) Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; OBJECTIVE: Insulin plays an important role in the hypothalamic control of energy balance, especially by reducing food intake. Emerging data point to a pivotal role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in energy homeostasis regulation, but their involvement in the anorexigenic effect of insulin is unknown. Furthermore, ROS signal derived from NADPH oxidase activation is required for physiological insulin effects in peripheral cells. In this study, we investigated the involvement of hypothalamic ROS and NADPH oxidase in the feeding behavior regulation by insulin. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We first measured hypothalamic RO…

Blood GlucoseMaleReactive Oxygen Species/*metabolismHypothalamusHomeostasis/drug effects/physiologyInbred C57BLCerebral VentriclesCerebral Ventricles/drug effects/*physiologyMiceHomeostasisInsulinAnimalsBlood Glucose/metabolismHypothalamus/*physiologyInsulin/administration & dosage/blood/*pharmacologyNADPH OxidasesEnergy Intake/drug effects/*physiologyNADPH Oxidase/*metabolismGlutathioneGlutathione/metabolismMice Inbred C57BLOriginal ArticleEnergy IntakeReactive Oxygen SpeciesEnergy MetabolismSignal Transduction
researchProduct

The efficacy and safety of ezetimibe/simvastatin combination compared with intensified lipid-lowering treatment strategies in diabetic subjects with …

2012

Aims The objective was to assess the consistency of effect of switching to ezetimibe/simvastatin 10/20 mg versus doubling the baseline statin dose (to simvastatin 40 mg or atorvastatin 20 mg) or switching to rosuvastatin 10 mg across subgroups of subjects with (n = 617) and without (n = 191) metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods This was a post hoc analysis of a randomized, double-blind, 6-week study of adults 18–79 years with cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ≥70 and ≤160 mg/dl. The percent change in LDL-C and other lipids was estimated within each subgroup separately. Safety and tolerability were assessed. Results In subjects with M…

Blood GlucoseMaleSimvastatinEndocrinology Diabetes and MetabolismAtorvastatinEzetimibe Simvastatin Drug CombinationPharmacologyEndocrinologyAtorvastatinMedicineRosuvastatin CalciumMetabolic SyndromeSulfonamidesAnticholesteremic AgentsFastingMiddle AgedDrug CombinationsTreatment OutcomeTolerabilityCardiovascular Diseaseslipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)Drug Therapy CombinationFemalemedicine.drugAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyStatinAdolescentmedicine.drug_classUrologyDrug Administration ScheduleEzetimibeDouble-Blind MethodDiabetes mellitusInternal MedicineHumansRosuvastatinPyrrolescardiovascular diseasesAgedApolipoproteins Bbusiness.industrynutritional and metabolic diseasesCholesterol LDLmedicine.diseaseFluorobenzenesDiabetes Mellitus Type 1PyrimidinesDiabetes Mellitus Type 2SimvastatinHeptanoic AcidsAzetidinesMetabolic syndromebusinessDiabetic AngiopathiesDiabetes, obesitymetabolism
researchProduct

The Impact of Amino Acids on Postprandial Glucose and Insulin Kinetics in Humans

2020

Different amino acids (AAs) may exert distinct effects on postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations. A quantitative comparison of the effects of AAs on glucose and insulin kinetics in humans is currently lacking. PubMed was queried to identify intervention studies reporting glucose and insulin concentrations after acute ingestion and/or intravenous infusion of AAs in healthy adults and those living with obesity and/or type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The systematic literature search identified 55 studies that examined the effects of l-leucine, l-isoleucine, l-alanine, l-glutamine, l-arginine, l-lysine, glycine, l-proline, l-phenylalanine, l-glutamate, branched-chain AAs (i.e., l-leucine, l-iso…

Blood GlucoseMaleinsulin secretionobesitymedicine.medical_treatmentAdministration OralReviewType 2 diabetes0302 clinical medicinesystematic reviewInsulinIngestionGlucose homeostasis030212 general & internal medicineInfusions IntravenousNutrition and DieteticsL-ARGININEINTRAVENOUS ARGININEFREE FATTY-ACIDSBLOOD-GLUCOSEdynamicsPostprandial PeriodPostprandialSECRETIONFemaletype 2 diabetesLeucineGROWTH-HORMONElcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supplyAdultORAL ALANINEmedicine.medical_specialtyMETABOLIC-RESPONSElcsh:TX341-641030209 endocrinology & metabolism03 medical and health sciencesInternal medicinemedicineHumansglucose homeostasisinsulin sensitivityamino acidsbusiness.industryInsulinmedicine.diseaseObesityGlucoseEndocrinologyDiabetes Mellitus Type 2kineticsPLASMA-GLUCAGON RESPONSEtime series dataIsoleucinebusinessFood ScienceINGESTIONNutrients
researchProduct

Hypoglycaemic effect of Spergularia purpurea in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

2000

Single and repeated oral administration of the water extracts of Spergularia purpurea (SP) at a dose of 10 mg/kg were tested on hypoglycaemic activity in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. In normal rats, the water extract of SP decreased significantly the plasma glucose levels 4 h after single oral administration (P0.01), and one week after repeated oral administration (P0.05). A significant decrease of plasma glucose levels was observed 6 h after a single oral administration of the water extract of S. purpurea in severe hyperglycaemic rats (n=6) from 22.78+/-0.60 to 11.21+/-0.49 mmol/l (P0.001). On other hand, water extract of S. purpurea normalised plasma glucose levels aft…

Blood GlucoseMalemedicine.medical_specialtyBlood sugarPharmacognosyDiabetes Mellitus Experimentallaw.inventionLethal Dose 50MicelawOral administrationInternal medicineDiabetes mellitusDrug DiscoverymedicineAnimalsHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinRats WistarPharmacologyPlants MedicinalBehavior AnimalPlant Extractsbusiness.industryBody Weightmedicine.diseaseStreptozotocinRatsMoroccoEndocrinologyPhytochemicalToxicityPhytotherapybusinessmedicine.drugJournal of Ethnopharmacology
researchProduct

Effects of oral niacin on endothelial dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease: Results of the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controll…

2009

High-density-lipoproteins-cholesterol (HDL-C) is invertedly related to the incidence of cardiovascular events. Recent studies suggest that HDL-C directly improves endothelial function. Nicotinic acid (niacin) effectively raises serum HDL-C. We therefore hypothesized that treatment with niacin improves endothelial dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). One hundred seven patients with CAD were randomly assigned to double-blinded treatment for 12 weeks with extended-release (ER)-niacin 1000 mg/day (N) or placebo (C), respectively. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, nitroglycerin-mediated endothelium-independent dilation (NMD) and serum lipid concentration…

Blood GlucoseMalemedicine.medical_specialtyBrachial ArteryVasodilator AgentsAdministration OralCoronary Artery DiseasePlaceboNiacinGastroenterologyCoronary artery diseaseNitroglycerinchemistry.chemical_compoundHigh-density lipoproteinDouble-Blind MethodInternal medicinemedicine.arterymedicineHumansProspective StudiesPhosphorylationEndothelial dysfunctionBrachial arteryTriglyceridesAgedUltrasonographyVascular diseasebusiness.industryCholesterol HDLMicrofilament Proteinsnutritional and metabolic diseasesCholesterol LDLMiddle AgedPhosphoproteinsmedicine.diseaseVasodilationB vitaminsTreatment OutcomeEndocrinologychemistryDelayed-Action PreparationsFemalelipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)Endothelium VascularCardiology and Cardiovascular MedicinebusinessCell Adhesion MoleculesBiomarkersNiacinAtherosclerosis
researchProduct

Requirements for claims of favorable effects on serum lipids by oral antidiabetic agents.

1998

Blood GlucoseMalemedicine.medical_specialtymedicine.medical_treatmentBlood lipidsHyperlipidemiasBioinformaticsDiabetes ComplicationsOral administrationInternal medicineDiabetes mellitusmedicineDiabetes MellitusHumansHypoglycemic AgentsAntidiabetic agentsChemotherapybusiness.industryDrugs Investigationalmedicine.diseaseLipidsEndocrinologyCardiologyFemaleCardiology and Cardiovascular MedicinebusinessThe American journal of cardiology
researchProduct