Search results for "Adults"
showing 10 items of 521 documents
Global Cognitive Functioning versus Controlled Functioning throughout the Stages of Development
2020
According to the All or None Hypothesis (Diamond, 2009), the cognitive system can operate in a global manner that is not very discriminate or in a more discriminate mode that demands greater precision, control, and cognitive effort. There are five corollaries to this hypothesis that describe, in an operative way, the conditions under which the controlled mode of functioning in the cognitive domain can be activated and thus tested. Given the impact this theory has generated and the absence of studies analyzing the corollaries in a collective and systematic way at different stages of development, this study was proposed, first of all, to test three of these corollaries in children, adolescent…
Polygenic association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder liability and cognitive impairments.
2022
AbstractBackgroundA recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified 12 independent loci significantly associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Polygenic risk scores (PRS), derived from the GWAS, can be used to assess genetic overlap between ADHD and other traits. Using ADHD samples from several international sites, we derived PRS for ADHD from the recent GWAS to test whether genetic variants that contribute to ADHD also influence two cognitive functions that show strong association with ADHD: attention regulation and response inhibition, captured by reaction time variability (RTV) and commission errors (CE).MethodsThe discovery GWAS included 19 099 ADHD cases …
Participant characteristics associated with the effects of a physical and cognitive training program on executive functions
2022
Background: Physical and cognitive interventions have been shown to induce positive effects on older adults’ executive functioning. However, since participants with different background characteristics may respond differently to such interventions, we investigated whether training effects on executive functions were associated with sex, training compliance, and age. We also investigated if change in global cognition was associated with physical and cognitive training intervention-induced changes in executive functions. Methods: Exploratory data from a randomized controlled trial were analyzed. Participants were 70–85-year-old men and women who received a 12-month physical (PT) or physical a…
North/south differences among Italian emerging adults regarding criteria deemed important for adulthood and life satisfaction
2016
The main goal of this study was to compare Northern and Southern Italian emerging adult university students, regarding the importance attributed to criteria for adulthood and the levels of life and education satisfaction. Self-report questionnaires were filled by 475 Northern and Southern Italian University students (Age M = 22.91, 76% females, n = 359). Multivariate analysis of variance revealed that Southern emerging adults were more likely to place importance on family capacities, norm compliance, interdependence and role transitions as criteria for achieving adulthood than Northern emerging adults. Regarding gender differences, females were more likely to believe in the importance of no…
All-Polish Andragogical Journals in the Interwar Period (1918–1939)
2020
In the article, the author attempts to show the role of andragogical journals in popularizing adult education in the Interwar period. Six Polish journals of nationwide circulation are characterized, as they reflected the socio-ideological profile of the state and the organizations which published them. In their columns, theoretical and methodological studies which facilitated work with adults were presented. Their major task was to support teachers and educators in their school and outside-school work with adult learners. The basis for preparing the present text was an analysis of the content of the periodicals. W tekście podjęto próbę ukazania roli czasopism andragogicznych w upowszechnian…
Czy seniorzy są wykluczeni cyfrowo? Analiza potrzeb osób starszych w zakresie wsparcia informacyjnego = Are seniors digitally excluded? Analysis of t…
2021
Prezentowane badania miały na celu analizę problemu wykluczenia cyfrowego, wskazanie form wsparcia informacyjnego seniorów oraz diagnozę potrzeb osób starszych w zakresie dostępu do informacji przy użyciu technologii cyfrowych. Materiał i metody. Przegląd literatury oraz badania kwestionariuszowe. Wyniki. W grupie osób w wieku powyżej 65 lat występuje problem wykluczenia cyfrowego. Wykluczenie cyfrowe jest rodzajem wykluczenia społecznego i może prowadzić do niższego subiektywnego dobrostanu w grupie osób starszych. Najczęściej seniorzy poszukują potrzebnych informacji wśród osób z najbliższego otoczenia. Najbardziej potrzebne informacje dotyczą usług w zakresie ochrony zdrowia. Najskuteczn…
Pionierskie działania nauczycieli w szkolnictwie dla dorosłych na Śląsku Opolskim w okresie powojennym (1945-1950)
2018
Po zakończeniu II wojny światowej na Opolszczyźnie na masową skalę organizowano od podstaw szkolnictwo dla dorosłych. Tworzono kursy dla analfabetów, kursy repolonizacyjne, szkoły podstawowe i średnie. Główną rolę w nich miał do odegrania nauczyciel. Przybywający do tego regionu nauczyciele od 1945 r. w większości posiadali wykształcenie pedagogiczne na poziomie seminarium nauczycielskiego. Niektórzy mieli ukończone uniwersyteckie studia wyższe, a nawet legitymowali się stopniem doktora. Część jednak była bez kwalifikacji zawodowych. Napotykali na wiele problemów dydaktycznych w pracy z dorosłymi. Warunki bytowe dla podejmujących pracę zawodową na Opolszczyźnie były bardzo trudne, co powodo…
Healthcare Professional Communication on Sexual Health: A Report from the Italian Working Group on Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer
2023
Background: Sexual function is an important concern for adolescent and young adult (AYA) with cancer. The aim of this study was to explore the attitude of Italian health care professionals who deal with AYA patients with cancer toward sexual health communication. Materials and methods: A 11-question survey was developed by the AIOM (Associazione Italiana di Oncologia Medica) and AIEOP (Associazione Italiana Ematologia Oncologia Pediatrica) AYA workgroup and sent to AIOM and AIEOP members. Results: The sample comprised 360 respondents, 54.2% AIEOP and 45.8% AIOM members. Eighty percent were physicians, 14.5% nurses, 4.7% psychologists, and 0.8% other professionals. Medical oncologists are mo…
Signos y síntomas de adicción al cibersexo en adultos mayores
2019
El uso de Internet con objetivos sexuales resulta una práctica cada vez más generalizada en cualquier etapa vital. Si bien en la mayoría de casos el consumo se realiza de forma recreativa, en ocasiones éste puede sobrevenir compulsivo, incontrolado y asociado a un deterioro funcional en diversos ámbitos (adicción al cibersexo). Conocer los síntomas que caracterizan este cuadro clínico constituye una prioridad; sin embargo, disponemos de un pobre conocimiento acerca de su expresión en adultos mayores. Así, este trabajo se planteó con un doble objetivo: 1) analizar la prevalencia de adultos mayores en riesgo de desarrollar o que muestran un perfil patológico de uso del cibersexo y 2) elaborar…
Enhancing Older Adults’ Digital Inclusion Through Social Support : A Qualitative Interview Study
2022
AbstractA lack of social support can hinder older adults’ digital inclusion. This chapter examines the connection between social and digital inclusion by focusing on the process of acquiring social support for digital technology use among older adults in Finland. Building on the concept of warm expert, the chapter shows that acquiring support for digital technology use is a reciprocal process that both enhances and requires digital inclusion. A qualitative analysis of 22 participant-induced elicitation interviews was conducted with older adults aged between 57 and 89. The chapter shows that social support reinforces digital inclusion by (a) ensuring older adults’ access to technology, (b) c…