Search results for "Adversary"

Adversary Lower Bound for the k-sum Problem

2013

We prove a tight quantum query lower bound $\Omega(n^{k/(k+1)})$ for the problem of deciding whether there exist $k$ numbers among $n$ that sum up to a prescribed number, provided that the alphabet size is sufficiently large. This is an extended and simplified version of an earlier preprint of one of the authors arXiv:1204.5074.

All Classical Adversary Methods Are Equivalent for Total Functions

2017

We show that all known classical adversary lower bounds on randomized query complexity are equivalent for total functions and are equal to the fractional block sensitivity fbs( f ). That includes the Kolmogorov complexity bound of Laplante and Magniez and the earlier relational adversary bound of Aaronson. This equivalence also implies that for total functions, the relational adversary is equivalent to a simpler lower bound, which we call rank-1 relational adversary. For partial functions, we show unbounded separations between fbs( f ) and other adversary bounds, as well as between the adversary bounds themselves. We also show that, for partial functions, fractional block sensitivity canno…

On Addressing the Challenges of Complex Stochastic Games Using “Representative” Moves

2018

The problem of achieving competitive game play in a board game, against an intelligent opponent, is a well-known and studied field of Artificial Intelligence (AI). This area of research has seen major breakthroughs in recent years, particularly in the game of Go. However, popular hobby board games, and particularly Trading Card Games, have unique qualities that make them very challenging to existing game playing techniques, partly due to enormous branching factors. This remains a largely unexamined domain and is the arena we operate in. To attempt to tackle some of these daunting requirements, we introduce the novel concept of “Representative” Moves (RMs). Rather than examine the complete l…

Cinematic images of nation-ness: Space, time and gender inYoung Eagles(Estonia) andLāčplēsis(Latvia)

2012

ABSTRACTIn this article, I analyse cinematic time and space and their interaction, in which nation-ness is articulated as a unifying identity in the epic films Lācplēsis/Bear-Slayer (Latvia, Aleksandrs Rusteiķis, 1930) and Noored Kotkad/Young Eagles (Estonia, Theodor Luts, 1927, digitally remastered in 2008). In discussing the timespace organization of nation-ness in these films, I address representations of the political ‘birth of a nation’ and modern national identity. I discuss the ways in which the narratives in Young Eagles and Lācplēsis re-claim a traditional gender binary, predicated on a splitting and differentiating relationship with Otherness, embodied in the sexual threat of male…

Terrorism in Argentina: government as its own worst enemy

2005

Quantum Dual Adversary for Hidden Subgroups and Beyond

2019

An explicit quantum dual adversary for the S-isomorphism problem is constructed. As a consequence, this gives an alternative proof that the query complexity of the dihedral hidden subgroup problem is polynomial.

Duties, Rules and Interpretations in Obligational Disputations

2001

An obligational disputation, as it was known in the Middle Ages, consisted basically of a sequence of propositions put forward by one person, called the opponent, and evaluated by another person, called the respondent. In the most typical variations of the technique, the sequence would begin with a special proposition, called the positum It was taken as the starting point, which the rest of the sequence would develop. The respondent had to accept the positum, if it was free from contradictions. Then he had to take into account in his later evaluations of the other propositions that he must at any time during the disputation grant the positum and anything following from it. The disputations …

Variation between Self- and Mutual Assessment in Animal Contests

2014

Limited resources lead animals into conflicts of interest, which are resolved when an individual withdraws from a direct contest. Current theory suggests that the decision to withdraw can be based on a threshold derived from an individual’s own state (self-assessment) or on a comparison between their own state and their opponent’s (mutual assessment). The observed variation between these assessment strategies in nature does not conform to theory. Thus, we require theoretical developments that explain the functional significance of different assessment strategies. We consider a hawk-dove game with two discrete classes that differ in fighting ability, in which the players strategically decide…

The idea of mission in Finnish clerical Lutheranism during the Continuation War 1941-1944

2014

On 25 June 1941 Finland embarked on a war against the Soviet Union, as part of Germany's Operation Barbarossa. The war that was about to begin could be considered acceptable and even advantageous politically. However, theologically this was not necessarily the case. The topic of the article is how the war between the states of Finland and the Soviet Union could be justified publicly in relation to a religion whose core message is not to kill, to turn the other cheek to – and even love – the enemy. Due to the close and long-lasting relationship between the state, the army and the established church, Lutheran priests had a significant role in the war effort. The analysis shows that the answer…

Tiempos de Guerra. El soldado que salvó Spielberg

2019

During the Second World War, specifically after the Normandy Landing, American soldiers led by John Miller must risk their lives to save Private James Ryan, whose three brothers have died in the war. The only thing that is known about Private Ryan is that he launched himself with his squadron of paratroopers behind the enemy lines. The chief of staff has ordered him returned to his home in Iowa, where his bereaved mother awaits him.It is a war film where death is always present and in which Private Ryan will remember all the vicissitudes that the soldiers had to go through to save him.