Search results for "Aerobic"
showing 10 items of 760 documents
Assessment of the Energy Potential of Chicken Manure in Poland
2019
Animal waste, including chicken manure, is a category of biomass considered for application in the energy industry. Poland is leading poultry producer in Europe, with a chicken population assessed at over 176 million animals. This paper aims to determine the theoretical and technical energy potential of chicken manure in Poland. The volume of chicken manure was assessed as 4.49 million tons per year considering three particular poultry rearing systems. The physicochemical properties of examined manure specimens indicate considerable conformity with the data reported in the literature. The results of proximate and ultimate analyses confirm a considerable effect of the rearing system on the e…
Effect of physical activity counseling on physical activity of older people in Finland (ISRCTN 07330512).
2011
SUMMARY The aim of this study was to describe the underlying theory and the implementation of a 2-year individualized physical activity counseling intervention and to evaluate whether benefits persisted 1.5 years after the intervention. The sample included 632 sedentary 75- to 81-year-old participants. Data were collected in 2003 –2005. The participants were randomly assigned to an intervention group and a control group. The intervention consisted of an individualized face-to-face meeting followed by telephone contacts every 4 months for 2 years, with the aim to increase participation in specific physical activities as well as to increase habitual physical activity. At the 2-year follow-up,…
Hemoconcentration induced by exercise: Revisiting the Dill and Costill equation
2014
The Dill and Costill equation is used to estimate the exercise-induced hemoconcentration. However, this cal- culation requires drawing an extra whole-blood sample, which cannot be frozen and has to be analyzed with dedi- cate instrumentation in a relative short time. The aim of the present study was to explore the usefulness of some serum biochemical parameters to estimate hemoconcen- tration induced by exhaustive exercise. Fourteen healthy male subjects (19-34 years) performed a15-min running test at 110% of anaerobic threshold speed. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), creatinine, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), total-proteins, albu- min, total calcium (Ca), K + ,N a…
Storing energy crops for methane production: Effects of solids content and biological additive
2007
The effect of storage on chemical characteristics and CH4 yield (taking into account loss of VS during storage) of a mixture of grasses and ryegrass, ensiled as such (low solids content) and after drying (medium and high solids) with and without biological additive, were studied in field and laboratory trials. Up to 87% and 98% of CH4 yield was preserved with low solids grass (initial TS 15.6%) and high solids ryegrass (initial TS 30.4%), respectively, after storage for 6months, while under suboptimal conditions at most 37% and 52% of CH4 yield were lost. Loss in CH4 yield was mainly due to VS loss, presumably caused by secondary fermentation as also suggested by increasing pH during storag…
Impact of crop species on bacterial community structure during anaerobic co-digestion of crops and cow manure
2008
The bacterial communities in three continuously stirred tank reactors co-digesting cow manure with grass silage, oat straw, and sugar beet tops, respectively, were investigated by 16S rRNA gene-based fingerprints and clone libraries. The analyses revealed both clearly distinct and similar phylotypes in the bacterial communities between the reactors. The major groups represented in the three reactors were Clostridia, unclassified Bacteria, and Bacteroidetes. Phylotypes affiliated with Bacilli or Deltaproteobacteria were unique to the sugar beet and straw reactor, respectively. Unclassified Bacteria dominated in sugar beet reactor while in the straw and grass reactor Clostridia was the domina…
Hydrolysis and microbial community analyses in two-stage anaerobic digestion of energy crops
2007
Aims: The roles of the diverse populations of micro-organisms responsible for biodegradation of organic matter to form methane and carbon dioxide are rudimentarily understood. To expand the knowledge on links between microbial communities and the rate limiting, hydrolytic stage of two-stage biogas production from energy crops, this study was performed. Methods and Results: The process performance. and microbial communities (as determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization) in two separate two-stage batch digestions of sugar beets and grass/clover were studied. The microbial populations developed in the hydrolytic stage of anaerobic digestion of beets and grass/clover showed very few simi…
Two-Stage Anaerobic Digestion of Energy Crops: Methane Production, Nitrogen Mineralisation and Heavy Metal Mobilisation
2006
Energy crops (willow, sugar beet and grass silage) were digested in pilot scale two-stage anaerobic digesters. The specific methane yields obtained were 0.16, 0.38 and 0.39 m3 kg(-1) added volatile solids (VSadded) for willow, sugar beet and grass, respectively, corresponding to yearly gross energy yields of 15, 53 and 26 megawatt-hours (MWh) per hectare. With grass and sugar beets as substrate, 84-85% of the harvestable methane was obtained within 30 days. In pilot scale two-stage digestion of willow and sugar beet, 56 and 85% of the laboratory scale methane yields were obtained, but digestion of grass in two-stage reactors yielded 5% more methane than digestion in laboratory scale complet…
Validation of Oxygen Consumption Prediction Equations and New Formulas for Interval Training
2021
[EN] Objectives. Our aims were to determine whether there is any significant difference between the measured and estimated energy expenditure for the most commonly used prediction equations in the literature, and to develop a new specific prediction equation for aerobic interval training with a broader cross-section of the population in terms of age, fitness and body mass index (BMI). Methods. Twenty healthy participants were recruited for this study. Two groups of ten people were established depending on their BMI. The low BMI group ranged between 19 and 22, and the high BMI group between 26 and 29. The test protocol consisted of 12 individualized intensities, 6 walking and 6 running speed…
Effects of exercise training and montelukast in children with mild asthma
2008
Data from the general population suggest that habitual exercise decreases bronchial responsiveness, but the possible role of exercise in asthmatics is undefined. The leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast decreases bronchial responsiveness and exercise-induced symptoms in asthmatic children. This randomized study in children with mild asthma evaluated the combined effects of aerobic training for 12 wk and montelukast or placebo on bronchial responsiveness (BHR) to methacholine, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB), inflammatory markers in exhaled breath condensate (EBC), and asthma exacerbations.Fifty children (mean age +/- SD: 10.2 +/- 2.4 yr) with mild stable asthma were random…
Cascade complex formation by phosphate in the cobalt(II)/[30]aneN10 anaerobic system
1993
Abstract The interaction of phosphate with the mono- and binuclear cobalt(II) complexes of [30]aneN 10 (1,4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25,28-decaazacyclotriacontane) has been studied by potentiometry in 0.15 mol dm −3 NaClO 4 solution at 298.15 K under anaerobic conditions. The stable species [CoH 2 ([30]aneN 10 )PO 4 ] + , [CoH 4 ([30]aneN 10 )PO 4 ] 3+ , [Co 2 H([30]aneN 10 )PO 4 ] 2+ , [Co 2 H 2 ([30]aneN 10 )PO 4 ] 3+ and [Co 2 H 3 ([30]aneN 10 )PO 4 ] 4+ , where the phosphate anion is directly bound to the metal ions or acts as a second sphere ligand, are formed and their stability constants have been determined. The results obtained allowed for the selection of suitable conditions for the study…