Search results for "Aggression"
showing 10 items of 325 documents
An examination of parents’ and preschool workers’ perspectives on bullying in preschool
2016
ABSTRACTParents (n = 141) and preschool workers (n = 81) completed a survey regarding their perspectives towards: (a) the existence of bullying in preschool, (b) interpretations of bullying, (c) the roles of bullies and victims, and (d) gender differences. Findings suggest that both groups largely believe that bullying occurs in preschool. Excluding others from play, conditional threats, and the victim's perception of being bullied were the three conditions most likely to be associated with bullying. Parents were significantly more likely than workers to hold a negative view of bullies and believe that bullying differs with regard to gender. Whereas most participants felt that bullying coul…
At‐risk children's causal inferences given emotional feedback and their understanding of the excuse‐giving process
1994
Italian male school children, ranging in age from 7 to 10 years, were identified as at‐risk children on the basis of self‐reports, teacher questionnaires, and peer nominations assessing aggression, emotional instability, and pro‐social behaviour. Together with a normal control sample, these children participated in two studies guided by attribtional theory. In Study 1, following teacher emotional feedback of anger or sympathy for failure, attributional inferences regarding low ability or lack of effort as the cause of that failure were rated. In Study 2, controllable and uncontrollable causes of a social transgression were given, and participants rated the anticipated anger of the ‘victim’…
Behavioral changes in male rats exposed to repeated aggression
2001
Research conducted on animal models has obtained information about the behavioral, hormonal, autonomic, neurochemical and immunological response in animals that are exposed to acute aggression by another conspecific animal. Research has also provided information about the pattern of adaptation that occurs when animals are repeatedly exposed to the experience of being attacked and defeated (for a review see1)
Examining a negative halo effect to anabolic steroids users through perceived achievement goals, sportspersonship orientations, and aggressive tenden…
2013
We investigated the social image of anabolic steroids (AS) users grounding our analysis on the achievement goal theory of Nicholls. Our main goal was to explore how an athlete's acceptance of AS use would impact on the way that athlete will be perceived by others. Non-AS-using participants reacted to one of two scenarios portraying a male athlete either accepting or refusing to engage in drug use behavior. The results suggested that the acceptance of anabolic steroids yielded an unfavorable social image--perceivers inferred a predominant ego orientation to characterize the AS-user's motivation as well as weaker sportspersonship and a stronger proclivity for reactive aggression than instrume…
Customer-Related Social Stressors
2015
Abstract. The purpose of this study was to replicate the dimensions of the customer-related social stressors (CSS) concept across service jobs, to investigate their consequences for service providers’ well-being, and to examine emotional dissonance as mediator. Data of 20 studies comprising of different service jobs (N = 4,199) were integrated into a single data set and meta-analyzed. Confirmatory factor analyses and explorative principal component analysis confirmed four CSS scales: disproportionate expectations, verbal aggression, ambiguous expectations, disliked customers. These CSS scales were associated with burnout and job satisfaction. Most of the effects were partially mediated by …
Social defeat and subordination as models of social stress in laboratory rodents: A review
1998
This paper is a review of the main research topics currently investigated in laboratory rodents using the stress of defeat or subordination as ethologically relevant models of social stress. First, the main characteristics of the resident/intruder paradigm and the colony models are given. Second, a general description of the behavioral, neuroendocrinological, physiological, neurochemical, neurological, and immunological responses found with these models, and their temporal dynamics, are discussed. Finally, the studies carried out that compare the response induced by social stress with that observed with more conventional models are also reviewed. It is concluded that these animal models of …
Influences of Relatedness, Food Deprivation, and Sex on Adult Behaviors in the Group-living Insect Forficula auricularia
2014
The evolution of group living is generally associated with the emergence of social behaviors that ensure fitness benefits to group members. However, the expression of these behaviors may depend on group composition, which can vary over time with respect to sex, starvation status, and relatedness. Here, we investigated (1) whether adults of the group-living European earwig, Forficula auricularia, show cooperative behaviors toward conspecifics and (2) whether sex, food availability, and relatedness shape the nature and frequency of these behaviors. We conducted a full-factorial experiment using 108 unisexual pairs of adults, in which we manipulated these three factors and video-recorded the e…
When Physical Activity Participation Promotes Inactivity
2010
This article analyses negative experiences in physical education and sport reported during qualitative interviews of a group of inactive adolescent Spanish boys and girls. The purpose of this analysis is twofold. First and most important, it seeks to give voice to these young people reporting negative experiences and connect them to contexts of physical activity and sport in which they occurred in order to show how, ironically, inactivity is an unintended consequence. Second, the authors attempt to connect inactivity through negative experiences by drawing on conceptual notions of a gendered performativity culture, and symbolic violence. The authors conclude by commenting on how these insi…
Costs of courtship and mating in a sexually cannibalistic orb-web spider: female mating strategies and their consequences for males
2002
The costs of courtship and mating may include increased risks of predation, the transmission of pathogens, and a loss of foraging opportunities. Thus, a female's decision to tolerate a courting male will depend upon how these costs offset the benefits of mating, which will depend on her reproductive and nutritional status. While these costs may be similar for mated and unmated females, the benefits of mating will be less for mated than virgin females. However, the cost of lost foraging opportunities may be higher for females with fewer nutritional reserves necessary for forming eggs. We examined how these costs and benefits influence the courtship and mating behaviour of male and female orb…
Percepción de las estrategias que emplean los profesores para mantener la disciplina, razones de los alumnos para ser disciplinados y comportamiento …
2011
Este trabajo ha relacionado la percepcion de las estrategias de los profesores para la disciplina, las razones de los alumnos para ser disciplinados y su comportamiento en educacion fisica (EF). Participaron 2189 adolescentes de 13 a 17 anos, que respondieron cuestionarios sobre estrategias para mantener la disciplina, razones para la disciplina y disciplina-indisciplina en EF. La edad y el genero de los alumnos son variables diferenciadoras, mientras que la interaccion genero de los alumnos x genero de los profesores no aporta diferencias significativas. Los analisis de regresion han mostrado que las razones intrinsecas de los alumnos y de los profesores y las razones responsables y de pre…