Search results for "Agoni"

Synergistic interaction between CCK and leptin to regulate food intake.

2000

Abstract Leptin administered (either intracerebroventricularly, icv, or intraperitoneally, ip) acts in synergy with CCK to suppress food intake and body weight in lean mice or rats. The potentiating effect induced by the co-injection of ip CCK and leptin to inhibit food consumption in mice is mediated by the CCK-A receptor and capsaicin sensitive afferents. In vitro, studies in rats showed that a subset of gastric vagal afferent fibers responded to leptin injected directly into the gastric artery only after a prior intra-arterial CCK injection. Moreover, the tonic activity of gastric-related neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) increased when leptin was delivered into the gastric…

Inactivation of Socs3 in the Hypothalamus Enhances the Hindbrain Response to Endogenous Satiety Signals via Oxytocin Signaling.

2012

Leptin is an adipocyte-derived hormone that controls energy balance by acting primarily in the CNS, but its action is lost in common forms of obesity due to central leptin resistance. One potential mechanism for such leptin resistance is an increased hypothalamic expression of Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (Socs3), a feedback inhibitor of the Jak-Stat pathway that prevents Stat3 activation. Ample studies have confirmed the important role of Socs3 in leptin resistance and obesity. However, the degree to which Socs3 participates in the regulation of energy homeostasis in nonobese conditions remains largely undetermined. In this study, using adult mice maintained under standard diet, we d…

Bisphenol-A impairs insulin action and up-regulates inflammatory pathways in human subcutaneous adipocytes and 3T3-L1 cells.

2013

Current evidence indicates that chemical pollutants may interfere with the homeostatic control of nutrient metabolism, thereby contributing to the increased prevalence of metabolic disorders. Bisphenol-A (BPA) is a lipophilic compound contained in plastic which is considered a candidate for impairing energy and glucose metabolism. We have investigated the impact of low doses of BPA on adipocyte metabolic functions. Human adipocytes derived from subcutaneous adipose tissue and differentiated 3T3-L1 cells were incubated with BPA, in order to evaluate the effect on glucose utilization, insulin sensitivity and cytokine secretion. Treatment with 1 nM BPA significantly inhibited insulin-stimulate…

Differential expression of estrogen receptors (ER?/ER?) in testis of mature and immature pigs

2004

High affinity estrogen receptors (ERs) mediate estrogen action in male reproductive tissues. The objective of the present study was the immunolocalization of estrogen receptor alpha and estrogen receptor beta in immature and mature testes of pig, a species in which the role of estrogens on gonadal function is scarcely known. Testes from 3 and 18 month-old pigs were investigated. Immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin embedded-tissues using both mouse anti-human monoclonal IgG ERalpha and IgG ERbeta 1 isoform. Western blot analysis demonstrated antibody specificity. ERalpha staining was not observed in immature testes, but it was detected in spermatogonia, spermatocytes and in the mo…

Guanosine-Mediated Anxiolytic-Like Effect: Interplay with Adenosine A1 and A2A Receptors

2020

Acute or chronic administration of guanosine (GUO) induces anxiolytic-like effects, for which the adenosine (ADO) system involvement has been postulated yet without a direct experimental evidence. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether adenosine receptors (ARs) are involved in the GUO-mediated anxiolytic-like effect, evaluated by three anxiety-related paradigms in rats. First, we confirmed that acute treatment with GUO exerts an anxiolytic-like effect. Subsequently, we investigated the effects of pretreatment with ADO or A1R (CPA, CCPA) or A2AR (CGS21680) agonists 10 min prior to GUO on a GUO-induced anxiolytic-like effect. All the combined treatments blocked the GUO anxiolytic-like effect, …

La lógica del odio

1999

The Student as a Representation of Masculinity in Nineteenth-Century Finnish Literature

2017

Reaction of melatonin with lipoperoxyl radicals in phospholipid bilayers.

1997

Melatonin, at 5 to 500 microM was incorporated in unilamellar soybean phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposomes, the peroxidation of which was induced by 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane-hydrochloride) (AAPH), and measured as production of conjugated diene lipid hydroperoxides. Concentration as low as 5 and 10 microM were poorly effective in reducing lipid peroxidation. Melatonin at 30 to 500 microM caused short inhibition periods, increasing with, but not linearly related to concentration, with a concurrent net decrease of the propagation rate. The time course of melatonin oxidation, measured as loss of fluorescence, was studied during the AAPH-stimulated peroxidation of soybean PC liposomes, or whe…

Functional Evaluation of THIQ, a Melanocortin 4 Receptor Agonist, in Models of Food Intake and Inflammation

2007

The central melanocortinergic system plays an important role in regulating different aspects of energy homeostasis and the immunomodulatory response. In the present study, we evaluated the in vivo activities of food intake suppression and anti-inflammatory activity of THIQ, which has been proposed to possess high and selective melanocortin-4 receptor agonistic activity in vitro. The results showed that THIQ (0.1, 0.3 and 1 nmol/rat, intracerebroventricularly) is less effective in reducing food intake and body weights of rats than the non-selective melanocortin receptor agonist melanotan II. Electron paramagnetic resonance measurements in mice brain tissue showed that THIQ at doses of 0.001 …

Beta- and gamma-melanocortins inhibit lipopolysaccharide induced nitric oxide production in mice brain.

2003

The pro-opiomelanocortin-derived peptide alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) mediates many diverse physiological actions, including anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. However, little is known about the physiological roles of the other melanocortins, beta- and gamma-MSH. Here, we investigated the effects of melanocortin peptides in an in vivo neuroinflammation model. Six hours following intracisternal (i.c.) administration of 10 microg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mice a five-fold increase in the nitric oxide (NO) level was seen in the animals' brains, when detected by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). All tested melanocortins, alpha-, beta-, gamma1- and gamma2-…