Search results for "Agricultural sciences"
showing 10 items of 826 documents
Legumes in 21st century Europe: present and future importance in agri-food systems? New challenges for reseach.
2013
Intensification of agriculture since 1950 has globally led to the decline of grain legume crops, which currently represent less than 3 % of arable crops in France and Europe. Nevertheless, legumes have several major assets (i) as plant proteins for animal feed and human food and (ii) as plants fixing atmospheric N2 and thereby saving nitrogen inputs in cropping systems, and (iii) as diversification crops. The analysis of forage and grain legume producing systems in France showed that the dominant system results in a lock-in of the different factors limiting legume insertion into the current systems. But legumes could have a major role to play in the agroecological transition towards more su…
Managing biotic interactions for ecological intensification of agroecosystems.
2014
9 pages; International audience; Agriculture faces the challenge of increasing food production while simultaneously reducing the use of inputs and delivering other ecosystem services. Ecological intensification of agriculture is a paradigm shift, which has recently been proposed to meet such challenges through the manipulation of biotic interactions. While this approach opens up new possibilities, there are many constraints related to the complexity of agroecosystems that make it difficult to implement. Future advances, which are essential to guide agricultural policy, require an eco-evolutionary framework to ensure that ecological intensification is beneficial in the long term.
Variabilité climatique et profils organoleptiques du Pinot noir dans le monde
2015
Wine typicity is revealed at various spatial scales, according to the variability of terroir components, which individual contribution change depending on the site. In this study, the impact of climate at global scale on the sensory profile of wine is examined.Thirty one Pinot noir wines produced in 16 winegrowing regions in Europe (Germany, France and Switzerland), North America (USA), South America (Chile) and Oceania (Australia and New Zealand) were selected. A blind testing was performed on the wines by 14 judges; among which 9 were considered sufficiently repeatable (criteria evaluated from the sensory analysis results of two identical wines). Wines were described by 26 visual, olfacto…
1400 years of man-environment interactions and soil evolution in the Saint-Mont mountain (Remiremont, Vosges)
2021
International audience; The SolHoM(a) project aims at determining the degree of landscape anthropisation in the Fossard massif (Remiremont, Vosges, France) by estimating the impact of past human occupations on current soils. Nowadays, a forest covers this relatively inhospitable mountain (hard climate, steep slopes, acid soils ...), but some remains suggest human presence for at least 1400 years.The Saint-Mont is a variscan orogenic granitic summit (height 672m) with valuable preserved archaeological relics, located south of the Fossard. At the top was founded the monasterium Habendum (from the 7th century to the French Revolution), which potentially comes after a late-antic castrum.Further…
L’arganier et l’huile d’argane au Maroc : vers la mutation d’un système agroforestier traditionnel ?
2005
; Les formations ligneuses à arganiers (arganeraies) occupent environ 800 000 hectares au sud-ouest du Maroc. Dans ces zones semi-arides et arides, 1,3 million de personnes sont concernées par l’exploitation de systèmes agroforestiers traditionnels reposant sur l’arganier, arbre multi-usage. Mais en raison d’une surexploitation, ce milieu fragile est menacé. Depuis une quinzaine d’années, des efforts sont déployés pour définir les conditions d’un développement véritablement durable. Des travaux de recherche et de recherche-développement ont participé activement à des programmes dans ce sens. L’huile d’argane, produite à partir de l’amande oléagineuse des fruits de l’arganier, est certainem…
Le traçage isotopique pour étudier la production par les microorganismes du sol d'oxyde nitreux, gaz à effet de serre.
2008
Domaine SCIENCES DE L’ALIMENT ET AGRO-ENVIRONNEMENT
Assessment of the impact of the cultivation of different cultivars of maize, including Bt-maize varieties, on soil- and plant-associated microbial an…
2008
communication orale invitée; We will present a synthesis of the results of our study aiming at evaluating the impact of the cultivation of different maize genotypes (Monumental, DKC3420, DK315, DKC5143, DKC5783) and of corresponding Bt-maize genotypes tolerant to the pyrale production (Mon810, TXP138-F, DKc3946, DK5018, DKc5783Bt), on soil microflora. This analysis has been conducted on three compartments: the soil, the rhizosphere (defined as the soil in contact with the root) and the root (colonisation by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi).This study has been performed in a greenhouse experiment settled to estimate the impact produced by the cultivation of the different maize genotypes on: (i)…
Diversité des communautés microbiennes telluriques à l'échelle du territoire national
2009
Communication orale - résumé Session 5 : sols, biodiversité, écologie fontionnelleCommunication orale - résumé Session 5 : sols, biodiversité, écologie fontionnelle; absent
La collection historique d’échantillons de sols de l’essai patrimonial des ‘42 parcelles’ (INRAE, Versailles) : une machine à remonter le temps...
2020
Following three previous papers (van Oort et al., 2016, 2017, 2020) dealing with current soil characteristics and geochemical budgets in surface horizons, as well as the impacts of fertilization in subsurface horizons in soils of INRAE’s long term bare fallow experiment (the 42-plots trial), we now present some chronological aspects of soil evolution at the soil’s surface since 1928. For that, we analyzed several series of about 15 samples from the historical sample archive for 10 representative treatments: fertilizers with acidifying effects (ammonium sulphate, ammonium phosphate), fertilizers with dispersive effects (sodium nitrate, sylvinite, and potassium chloride), superphosphate, amen…
Consumer Preference Heterogeneity Evaluation in Fruit and Vegetable Purchasing Decisions Using the Best–Worst Approach
2019
This study assesses consumer preferences during fruit and vegetable (FV) sales, considering the sociodemographic variables of individuals together with their choice of point of purchase. A choice experiment was conducted in two metropolitan areas in Northwest Italy. A total of 1170 consumers were interviewed at different FV purchase points (mass retail chains and open-air markets) using a paper questionnaire. The relative importance assigned by consumers to 12 fruit and vegetable product attributes, including both intrinsic and extrinsic quality cues, was assessed by using the best&ndash