Search results for "Aino"

Moderni graafinen suunnittelu 1930-luvun mainosjulisteissa : modernin unelma, tulevaisuuden maailma

2001

Keskiluokkaistuva kansa nousee kumipyörille : autoistuminen Suomessa 1960-luvun alusta 1980-luvun lopulle

2006

Children in advertisements : visual representation of children in Time magazine, volumes of 1994, 2004 and 2014

2017

Mainosten representaatiot vaikuttavat käsitykseemme itsestämme ja muista. Vaikka mainontaa on tutkittu laajasti, lapsia ja mainontaa on tutkittu lähinnä siitä näkökulmasta, millaisia mainoksia lapsille on suunnattu tai miten mainonta vaikuttaa lapsiin. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on tarkastella lasten representaatiota aikuisille suunnatuissa mainoksissa. Lisäksi halutaan selvittää ovatko mainokset muuttuneet vuosien aikana. Tutkimuksen aineistona ovat Time-lehden vuosikerrat 1994, 2004 ja 2014. Aineistossa on kaiken kaikkiaan 80 erillistä mainosta, joiden pohjalta tyypillinen representaatio luotiin. Kyseisinä vuosina mainosmäärät aikajärjestyksessä olivat: 19, 37 ja 24. Teoreettinen vii…

Does higher education protect against obesity? Evidence using Mendelian randomization

2017

Objectives. The aim of this explorative study was to examine the effect of education on obesity using Mendelian randomization. Methods. Participants (N = 2011) were from the on- going nationally representative Young Finns Study (YFS) that began in 1980 when six cohorts (aged 30, 33, 36, 39, 42 and 45 in 2007) were recruited. The average value of BMI (kg/m(2)) measurements in 2007 and 2011 and genetic information were linked to comprehensive register based information on the years of education in 2007. We first used a linear regression (Ordinary Least Squares, OLS) to estimate the relationship between education and BMI. To identify a causal relationship, we exploited Mendelian randomization …

Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults.

2019

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities1,2. This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity3,4,5,6. Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017—and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions—w…

Changes in Daily Steps and Body Mass Index and Waist to Height Ratio during Four Year Follow-Up in Adults: Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study

2017

Aims: Over the study years, there was a significant increase in body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WtHR) in middle aged Finnish adults. Methods: Data were obtained from 1033 Finnish adults from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study in 2007 and 2011. Cohort study participants wore an Omron Walking Style One (HJ-152R-E) pedometer for five days and were grouped into those who increased, maintained and decreased their steps between 2007 and 2011. Paired samples t-test was used to compare body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WtHR) change values between the change groups in study years. Results: Among study population BMI and WtHR increase between study years was …

Development of a Food-Based Diet Quality Score from a Short FFQ and Associations with Obesity Measures, Eating Styles and Nutrient Intakes in Finnish…

2019

We constructed a food-based diet quality score (DQS) and examined its association with obesity measures, eating styles and nutrient intakes. Participants were 3592 individuals (764 dizygotic [DZ] and 430 monozygotic [MZ] twin pairs) from the FinnTwin16 study. The DQS (0&ndash

Birth weight and adult income : An examination of mediation through adult height and body mass

2021

This paper examines the causal links between early human endowments and socioeconomic outcomes in adulthood. We use a genotyped longitudinal survey (Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study) that is linked to the administrative registers of Statistics Finland. We focus on the effect of birth weight on income via two anthropometric mediators: body mass index (BMI) and height in adulthood. We find that (i) the genetic instruments for birth weight, adult height, and adult BMI are statistically powerful; (ii) there is a robust total effect of birth weight on income for men but not for women; (iii) the total effect of birth weight on income for men is partly mediated via height but not via BMI; …

Early Life Influences on Hearing in Adulthood : a Systematic Review and Two-Step Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis

2021

Objectives: Adverse prenatal and early childhood development may increase susceptibility of hearing loss in adulthood. The objective was to assess whether indices of early development are associated with adult-onset hearing loss in adults ≥18 years. Design: In a systematic review and meta-analysis, four electronic databases were searched for studies reporting associations between indices of early development (birth weight and adult height) and adult-onset hearing loss in adults ≥18 years. We screened studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. Authors were contacted to provide adjusted odds ratios from a logistic regression model for relationships between birth weight/adult height a…

Cortical Proprioceptive Processing Is Altered by Aging

2018

Proprioceptive perception is impaired with aging, but little is known about aging-related deterioration of proprioception at the cortical level. Corticokinematic coherence (CKC) between limb kinematic and magnetoencephalographic (MEG) signals reflects cortical processing of proprioceptive afference. We, thus, compared CKC strength to ankle movements between younger and older subjects, and examined whether CKC predicts postural stability. Fifteen younger (range 18-31 years) and eight older (66-73 years) sedentary volunteers were seated in MEG, while their right and left ankle joints were moved separately at 2 Hz (for 4 min each) using a novel MEG-compatible ankle-movement actuator. Coherence…