Search results for "Alcohol"

Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Liver Disease: Diagnostic Assessment and Therapeutic Perspectives

2019

Genetic background in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A comprehensive review

2015

In the Western world, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered as one of the most significant liver diseases of the twenty-first century. Its development is certainly driven by environmental factors, but it is also regulated by genetic background. The role of heritability has been widely demonstrated by several epidemiological, familial, and twin studies and case series, and likely reflects the wide inter-individual and inter-ethnic genetic variability in systemic metabolism and wound healing response processes. Consistent with this idea, genome-wide association studies have clearly identified Patatin-like phosholipase domain-containing 3 gene variant I148M as a major player i…

Sex difference in the interaction of alcohol intake, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus on the risk of cirrhosis

2017

Background The joint effect of the interaction of alcohol intake, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) on the risk of cirrhosis is still unexplored because a large sample size is required for this investigation. Objective Evaluation of interaction of HBV, HCV and alcohol abuse on the risk of cirrhosis. Design We analysed 12,262 consecutive patients with chronic liver disease of various aetiologies referring to 95 Italian liver units in 2001 or 2014. To evaluate the interaction between alcohol abuse, HBV infection, and HCV infection, patients unexposed to either factors were used as reference category. Adjustment for BMI and age was done by multiple logistic regression analysi…

Polymorphism of Alcohol Dehydrogenase Genes in Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Individuals from Valencia (Spain)

2004

Polymorphisms in the two variable ADH loci (ADH2 and ADH3) were analyzed in two groups (alcoholics and nonalcoholics) from a Spanish population. The frequencies were similar to those reported for other Causcasian groups. ADH2-1 and ADH3-1 genotypes were more frequent in alcoholics than in nonalcoholics, but the differences were not significant.

Colonization of America by Drosophila subobscura: association between Odh gene haplotypes, lethal genes and chromosomal arrangements.

2004

The colonization of America by Drosophila subobscura has been a unique exper iment in nature that has allowed us to explore the effects of evolution on a continental scale. To analyze this evolutionary event, nucleotide sequences of the Odh (Octanol dehydrogenase) gene were obtained for 43 lethal chromosomal lines from colonizing populations of North America and 5 from South America, in addition to 5 chromosomal lines from Europe with different viabilities and 2 from laboratory marker stocks. Since 10 different Odh haplotypes were found in America, the minimum number of colonizers would be 5 (or 3 mated females). Only one Odh haplotype was found in American O(5) inversions confirming that o…

GRIN1 locus may modify the susceptibility to seizures during alcohol withdrawal

2005

N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, members of the glutamate receptor channel superfamily, are generally inhibited by alcohol. The expression and alternative splicing of the obligatory NR1 subunit is altered by alcohol exposure, emphasizing the involvement of the NR1 subunit, which is coded by the GRIN1 gene, in alcohol-mediated effects. We performed an association study in patients with alcohol dependence with the GRIN1 locus. Two independent case control samples consisting of a total of 442 alcohol-dependent patients and 442 unrelated controls were included. There was no overall difference in allele or genotype frequency between patients and controls. However, the 2108A allele and A-co…

No Association Between the Dopamine D2 Receptor Taq I A1 Allele and Earlier Age of Onset of Alcohol Dependence According to Different Specified Crite…

2001

BACKGROUND: The presence of the A1 allele of the dopamine D2 receptor TaqI restriction fragment length polymorphism has been reported to be associated with an earlier age of onset of alcohol dependence as a marker for severity. METHODS: We tested this hypothesis with special regard to the definition of the age of onset of alcoholism in 243 patients with alcohol dependence, according to DSM-IV criteria assessed by the standardized interview Munchner Composite International Diagnostic Interview (M-CIDI), consecutively admitted for detoxification. Additionally, the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) was performed. The TaqIA polymorphism was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the PCR…

PSD3 downregulation confers protection against fatty liver disease

2022

Fatty liver disease (FLD) is a growing health issue with burdening unmet clinical needs. FLD has a genetic component but, despite the common variants already identified, there is still a missing heritability component. Using a candidate gene approach, we identify a locus (rs71519934) at the Pleckstrin and Sec7 domain-containing 3 (PSD3) gene resulting in a leucine to threonine substitution at position 186 of the protein (L186T) that reduces susceptibility to the entire spectrum of FLD in individuals at risk. PSD3 downregulation by short interfering RNA reduces intracellular lipid content in primary human hepatocytes cultured in two and three dimensions, and in human and rodent hepatoma cell…

Physiological properties of some yeast strains

2006

Twenty yeast strains have recently been isolated in pure cultures from natural and industrial sources and identified based mainly on physiological properties. The majority of the strains (15) are alcohologenic belonging to the genus Saccharomyces and comprise two brewer's (beer) yeast strains (S. carlsbergensis= S. uvarum A and B), two baker's yeast strains (S. cerevisiae CA and CP), one spirit yeast strain (S. cerevisiae CF) and ten wine yeast strains (S. cerevisiae var. ellipsoideus = S. ellipsoideus 1, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 9; S. oviformis 2, 5 and 7; and S. uvarum 10). The other 5 yeast strains belong to different species: Kloeckera apiculate, Candida mycoderma (Mycoderma vini), Pichia membran…

Lipase-catalysed preparation of acyl derivatives of the germacranolide cnicin

2009

Several acyl derivatives of cnicin were obtained through lipase-catalysed acylation and alcoholysis reactions. In most reactions lipases showed a regioselective behaviour affording only one product. Longer chain acyl derivatives were prepared at lower temperature than the used in lipase-catalysed reactions, to preclude side products formation. The enzymatic approach let to prepare a family of novel acetyl and fatty acid derivatives of cnicin which are not obtainable following traditional organic synthetic procedures. Fil: Monsalve, Leandro Nicolas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Unidad de Microanálisis…