Search results for "Algesia"

Xenon improves long-term cognitive function, reduces neuronal loss and chronic neuroinflammation, and improves survival after traumatic brain injury …

2019

Background.Xenon is a noble gas with neuroprotective properties. We previously showed that xenon improves short and long-term outcomes in young adult mice after controlled cortical impact (CCI). This is a follow-up study investigating xenon’s effect on very long-term outcome and survival. Methods.C57BL/6N (n=72) young adult male mice received single CCI or sham surgery and were treated with either xenon (75%Xe:25%O2) or control gas (75% N2:25%O2). The outcomes used were: 1) 24-hour lesion volume and neurological outcome score; 2)contextual fear-conditioning at 2 weeks and 20 months; 3) corpus callosum white matter quantification; 4) immunohistological assessment of neuroinflammation and neu…

Epidural ropivacaine -- where are the benefits? A prospective, randomized, double-blind trial in patients with retropubic prostatectomy.

2007

Background:  In comparison with bupivacaine, ropivacaine exhibits comparable anaesthetic effects but with less motor impairment and systemic toxicity. However, the analgesic potency may differ. For example, ropivacaine during obstetric epidural analgesia provides an approximately 40% lower analgesic potency than bupivacaine. Equal visual analogue pain scores require significantly higher dosages of ropivacaine, and general statements about a favourable benefit–risk profile relative to that of bupivacaine may therefore have limited clinical impact. We addressed this topic in a male pain model by evaluating the analgesic efficacy of epidural ropivacaine 0.2% vs. bupivacaine 0.125% after retrop…

Postoperative analgesic efficacy of peripheral levobupivacaine and ropivacaine: a prospective, randomized double-blind trial in patients after total …

2008

BACKGROUND: Several previous trials have characterized the intra- and postoperative effects of the recently introduced local anesthetics, levobupivacaine and ropivacaine, for a variety of continuous peripheral nerve blocks. METHODS: We compared the analgesic efficacy of levobupivacaine 0.125% versus ropivacaine 0.2% via patient-controlled femoral nerve analgesia after total knee arthroplasty. In a double-blind, randomized, prospective design, 60 patients received femoral infusion with either substance. We analyzed postoperative local anesthetic consumption, pain scores, motor block, and opioid requirements over 72 h. RESULTS: Pain scores, motor block incidence, and opioid requirements were …

Continuous Femoral Catheter for Postoperative Analgesia After Total Knee Arthroplasty

2020

Introduction Postoperative pain management in the total knee replacement (TKR) represent a fundamental step for a positive outcome, allowing rapid mobilization, already on the first day. Further, continuous peripheral nerve block techniques have been reported to allow effective and safe control of acute postoperative pain, ensuring the implementation and completion of an accurate and intensive joint rehabilitation program. Aim The aim of this study was to assess early mobility and compliance of patients that underwent TKR surgery using the femoral block. Methods For the study, all patients that underwent TKR from 2015 to 2018 with ASA score between II-III was evaluated. Patients underwent v…

Intraoperative clonidine modulates sympathetic tone in the early postoperative period after remifentanil. A double blind, placebo-controlled study

1999

Abstract Aim of the study : Severe pain following major surgery can impair the control of the cardiovascular system (CVS) by causing sympathetic stimulation, possibly leading to myocardial ischaemia. In this study we examine the influence of intraoperative intravenous (i.v.) clonidine infusion on postoperative analgesia and blood concentrations of noradrenaline and adrenaline after major gynaecological surgery. Methods : All patients underwent an abdominal hysterectomy under balanced general anaesthesia using the new opioid remifentanil. The patients were randomised to receive either 5 μg kg −1 of i.v. clonidine intraoperatively ( n =20), or placebo ( n =20). Over a period of 240 minutes po…

Chemical stability of tramadol hydrochloride injection admixed with selected pain drugs

2011

Background: Tramadol hydrochloride (HCl) and ketorolac tromethamine are analgesic drugs, which are commonly used in combination in postoperative pain management. According to some studies, metoclopramide and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4 ) as adjuvant agents can improve analgesia and decrease the need for other pain drugs. Materials and Methods: The chemical stability of tramadol HCl combined with ketorolac tromethamine and metoclopramide HCl has been studied using a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic assay method. Calibration curves were produced using linear regression of the peak area against concentration of each drug, with an r 2 value ≥ 0.96. Our aim was to invest…

Efficacy of fentanyl transdermal patch in pain control after lower third molar surgery: A preliminary study

2015

Background Surgical removal of impacted lower third molars is a common oral surgical procedure, generally followed by moderate to severe postoperative pain. Transdermal drug delivery as a concept offers interesting possibilities for postoperative pain control. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of transdermal system with fentanyl in relieving pain following impacted lower third molar surgery. Material and Methods Seventeen patients with bilateral impacted lower third molars were included in this preliminary study. For postoperative pain control, patients randomly received a fentanyl patch plus placebo tablet after the first operation and regular (placebo) patch and an analge…

Opioid switching from and to tapentadol extended release in cancer patients: conversion ratio with other opioids

2013

Objectives: The aim of this exploratory study was to assess the conversion ratios between tapentadol and other opioids in patients requiring an opioid switching. Methods: A prospective study was carried out in a convenience sample of consecutive patients admitted to an acute palliative care unit and a home care unit for a period of 1 year. Patients who were switched from/to tapentadol were selected. The initial ratio between tapentadol and other opioids, expressed as oral morphine equivalents was 1:3.3. The subsequent doses were flexible and were changed to fit the patients’ needs. Pain intensity and distress score were recorded until opioid doses were stable. In all, 37 patients were exami…

Peripheral Acute Pain Mechanisms

1995

Many studies in several species, including humans, have identified a subset of primary afferent nerve fibres that are activated by potential or actual tissue-damaging stimuli. Discharge patterns of these nociceptive afferents faithfully reproduce some aspects of the applied stimuli (e.g. shape of the stimulus-response function) but not others (e.g. time-course of a sustained stimulus). Since primary nociceptive afferents provide the input to the central nervous system, their encoding properties have to be considered when studying central processing. On the other hand, pain perception correlates with some aspects of nociceptor discharges (e.g. fatigue with repetition of brief heat pulses), b…

Pain elicited by blunt pressure: neurobiological basis and clinical relevance.

2002