Search results for "Algorithms"

showing 10 items of 1716 documents

Optimizing diagnostic algorithms to advance Hepatitis C elimination in Italy: A cost effectiveness evaluation

2021

Objectives: Optimized diagnostic algorithms to detect active infections are crucial to achieving HCV elimination. We evaluated the cost effectiveness and sustainability of different algorithms for HCV active infection diagnosis, in a context of a high endemic country for HCV infection. Methods: A Markov disease progression model, simulating six diagnostic algorithms in the birth cohort 1969‐1989 over a 10‐year horizon from a healthcare perspective was used. Conventionally diagnosis of active HCV infection is through detection of antibodies (HCV‐Ab) detection followed by HCV‐RNA or HCV core antigen (HCV‐Ag) confirmatory testing either on a second sample or by same sample reflex testing. The …

Pediatricsmedicine.medical_specialtyCost effectivenessCost-Benefit Analysiscost-effectiveneContext (language use)HepacivirusAntiviral AgentsLiver diseaseMedicineHumansbusinesshealth care economics and organizationsHepatologybusiness.industryscreeningDisease progressionHCV chronic infectionvirus diseasesDiagnostic algorithmshealthHepatitis CHepatitis C Chronicmedicine.diseaseHepatitis CHcv eliminationdigestive system diseasesWHO targetHcv core antigenbusinessAlgorithms
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Differential diagnosis of illness in patients under investigation for the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), Italy, February 2020

2020

A novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has been identified as the causative pathogen of an ongoing outbreak of respiratory disease, now named COVID-19. Most cases and sustained transmission occurred in China, but travel-associated cases have been reported in other countries, including Europe and Italy. Since the symptoms are similar to other respiratory infections, differential diagnosis in travellers arriving from countries with wide-spread COVID-19 must include other more common infections such as influenza and other respiratory tract diseases.

Pediatricsmedicine.medical_specialtyEpidemiologyPneumonia Viralrespiratory pathogensdifferential diagnosiSettore MED/42 - Igiene Generale E Applicatamedicine.disease_causeDisease OutbreaksDiagnosis DifferentialBetacoronavirusCOVID-19 TestingVirologydifferential diagnosisInfluenza HumanMedicineHumansMass Screeningrapid molecular assayRespiratory Tract InfectionsMass screeningCoronavirusTravelbiologyCOVID-19 ; respiratory pathogens ; differential diagnosis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; rapid molecular assaybusiness.industryTransmission (medicine)SARS-CoV-2Clinical Laboratory TechniquesRespiratory diseasePublic Health Environmental and Occupational HealthOutbreakCOVID-19medicine.diseasebiology.organism_classificationPneumoniamedicine.anatomical_structureItalyMolecular Diagnostic TechniquesPopulation SurveillancebusinessCoronavirus InfectionsBetacoronavirusRapid CommunicationAlgorithmsRespiratory tractEurosurveillance
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A Decision-Tree Approach to Assist in Forecasting the Outcomes of the Neonatal Brain Injury

2021

Neonatal brain injury or neonatal encephalopathy (NE) is a significant morbidity and mortality factor in preterm and full-term newborns. NE has an incidence in the range of 2.5 to 3.5 per 1000 live births carrying a considerable burden for neurological outcomes such as epilepsy, cerebral palsy, cognitive impairments, and hydrocephaly. Many scoring systems based on different risk factor combinations in regression models have been proposed to predict abnormal outcomes. Birthweight, gestational age, Apgar scores, pH, ultrasound and MRI biomarkers, seizures onset, EEG pattern, and seizure duration were the most referred predictors in the literature. Our study proposes a decision-tree approach b…

Pediatricsmedicine.medical_specialtyHealth Toxicology and MutagenesisEncephalopathyArticleCerebral palsy03 medical and health sciencesEpilepsy0302 clinical medicinePregnancySeizuresMedicinerisk factorsHumans030212 general & internal medicineRisk factorRetrospective StudiesEpilepsyneonatal brain injuryneurodevelopmentbusiness.industryNeonatal encephalopathyRPublic Health Environmental and Occupational Healthabnormal outcomesInfant NewbornGestational ageInfantElectroencephalographyOdds ratiomedicine.diseasedecision-tree algorithmsBrain InjuriesApgar ScoreMedicineApgar scoreFemalebusiness030217 neurology & neurosurgeryInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The decay energy of the pure s-process nuclide ¹²³ Te

2016

Physics letters / B 758, 407 - 411 (2016). doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2016.04.059

Penning-trap mass spectrometryPhysicsNuclear and High Energy Physics010308 nuclear & particles physicsElectron captureAtomic massesIonic bondingAstrophysicsMass spectrometry53001 natural scienceslcsh:QC1-999Atomic massNuclear physicsMassDecay energyTheoryofComputation_ANALYSISOFALGORITHMSANDPROBLEMCOMPLEXITY0103 physical sciencesddc:530NuclidePräzisionsexperimente - Abteilung BlaumAtomic physics010306 general physicss-processlcsh:Physics
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Sublimable chloroquinolinate lanthanoid single-ion magnets deposited on ferromagnetic electrodes

2018

A new family of chloroquinolinate lanthanoid complexes of the formula A+[Ln(5,7Cl2q)4]−, with Ln = Y3+, Tb3+ and Dy3+ and A+ = Na+, NEt4+ and K0.5(NEt4)0.5+, is studied, both in bulk and as thin films. Several members of the family are found to present single-molecule magnetic behavior in bulk. Interestingly, the sodium salts can be sublimed under high vacuum conditions retaining their molecular structures and magnetic properties. These thermally stable compounds have been deposited on different substrates (Al2O3, Au and NiFe). The magnetic properties of these molecular films show the appearance of cusps in the zero-field cooled curves when they are deposited on permalloy (NiFe). This indic…

PermalloyLanthanideMaterials scienceAbsorption spectroscopyUNESCO::QUÍMICAUltra-high vacuum02 engineering and technologyGeneral Chemistry010402 general chemistry021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology01 natural sciences:QUÍMICA [UNESCO]0104 chemical sciencesCrystallographyNuclear magnetic resonanceFerromagnetismTheoryofComputation_ANALYSISOFALGORITHMSANDPROBLEMCOMPLEXITYMolecular filmMoleculeThin film0210 nano-technologyChemical Science
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Two Simple Constructive algorithms for the Distributed Assembly Permutation Flowshop Scheduling Problem

2014

Nowadays, it is necessary to improve the management of complex supply chains which are often composed of multi-plant facilities. This paper proposes a Distributed Assembly Permutation Flowshop Scheduling Problem (DAPFSP). This problem is a generalization of the Distributed Permutation Flowshop Scheduling Problem (DPFSP) presented by Naderi and Ruiz (Comput Oper Res, 37(4):754–768, 2010). The first stage of the DAPFSP is composed of f identical production factories. Each center is a flowshop that produces jobs that have to be assembled into final products in a second assembly stage. The objective is to minimize the makespan. Two simple constructive algorithms are proposed to solve the proble…

PermutationMathematical optimizationJob shop schedulingSimple (abstract algebra)GeneralizationSupply chainConstructive algorithmsProduction (computer science)Mathematics
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Prediction of Aquatic Toxicity of Benzene Derivatives to Tetrahymena pyriformis According to OECD Principles

2016

Background: Many QSAR studies have been developed to predict acute toxicity over several biomarkers like Pimephales promelas, Daphnia magna and Tetrahymena pyriformis. Regardless of the progress made in this field there are still some gaps to be resolved such as the prediction of aquatic toxicity over the protozoan T. pyriformis still lack a QSAR study focused in accomplish the OECD principles. Methods: Atom-based quadratic indices are used to obtain quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models for the prediction of aquatic toxicity. Our models agree with the principles required by the OECD for QSAR models to regulatory purposes. The database employed consists of 392 substitut…

PharmacologyQuantitative structure–activity relationshipTetrahymena pyriformisAntiprotozoal AgentsQuantitative Structure-Activity Relationship010501 environmental sciencesBiology01 natural sciencesAcute toxicity0104 chemical sciencesAquatic toxicologyToxicology010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistryParasitic Sensitivity TestsTest setDrug DiscoveryBenzene derivativesLinear regressionTetrahymena pyriformisBenzene DerivativesBiological systemMonte Carlo MethodAlgorithmsBootstrapping (statistics)0105 earth and related environmental sciencesCurrent Pharmaceutical Design
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Two-stage adaptive designs with correlated test statistics.

2005

When performing a trial using an adaptive sequential design, it is usually assumed that the data for each stage come from different units; for example, patients. However, sometimes it is not possible to satisfy this condition or to check whether it is satisfied. In these cases, the test statistics and p-values of each stage may be dependent. In this paper we investigate the type I error of two-stage adaptive designs when the test statistics from the stages are assumed to be bivariate normal. Analytical considerations are performed under the restriction that the conditional error function is constant in the continuation region. We show that the decisions can become conservative as well as an…

PharmacologyStatistics and ProbabilityAnalysis of VarianceClinical Trials as TopicCorrelation coefficientMultivariate normal distributionError functionContinuationSequential analysisResearch DesignData Interpretation StatisticalStatisticsPharmacology (medical)Constant (mathematics)AlgorithmsMathematicsStatistical hypothesis testingType I and type II errorsJournal of biopharmaceutical statistics
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Genetic Normalized Convolution

2011

Normalized convolution techniques operate on very few samples of a given digital signal and add missing information, trough spatial interpolation. From a practical viewpoint, they make use of data really available and approximate the assumed values of the missing information. The quality of the final result is generally better than that obtained by traditional filling methods as, for example, bilinear or bicubic interpolations. Usually, the position of the samples is assumed to be random and due to transmission errors of the signal. Vice versa, we want to apply normalized convolution to compress data. In this case, we need to arrange a higher density of samples in proximity of zones which c…

Phase congruencyCorrectnessSettore INF/01 - InformaticaPosition (vector)Genetic algorithmGenetic Algorithms Normalized Convolution Symmetry Transform Structural Similarity Metrics Phase CongruencyBicubic interpolationBilinear interpolationDigital signal (signal processing)AlgorithmMathematicsMultivariate interpolation
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Spectroscopic ellipsometry applied to phase transitions in solids: possibilities and limitations

2009

The possibilities of in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry applied to phase transitions investigation in oxide thin films and crystals are examined in this work, along with the use of various parameters calculated from ellipsometric data (band gap energy Eg, refractive index n and surface roughness) together with the directly measured main ellipsometric angles psi and Delta, for the detection of phase transitions. The efficiency of spectroscopic ellipsometry on "surface" phase transition and its sensitivity to surface defects are also demonstrated.

Phase transitionMaterials sciencebusiness.industryBand gapSpectrum AnalysisPhysics::OpticsPhase TransitionAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsPulsed laser depositionRefractometryLight intensityOpticsModels ChemicalAttenuation coefficientSurface roughnessComputer SimulationPowdersThin filmbusinessRefractive indexAlgorithmsOptics Express
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