Search results for "Allocation"
showing 10 items of 538 documents
Antioxidant potential of Himanthalia elongata for protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury in the small bowel
2016
Seaweed has been associated with the prevention and/or treatment of various diseases related to oxidative stress because of its antioxidant activity. We investigated the protective potential of extract of Himanthalia elongata against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in the intestine of rats.Seventy-two (72) male Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned into 12 groups as follows: sham, I/R only, I/R plus vehicle at 3 time points, and I/R plus extract at 3 time points. The degree of intestinal injury was determined by oxidative stress using lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase after mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion. A histological study was also perf…
Crowding effect on adult growth, pre-patent period and egg shedding of Fasciola hepatica
2006
Fascioliasis pathogenesis depends on fluke burden. In human hyperendemic zones, individual infection intensities reach very high levels and the majority of infected subjects should be in the advanced chronic phase. The rat model offers a useful approach for pathological research in the advanced chronic period. The influence of infection intensity per rat on fluke development, pre-patent period and egg shedding (eggs/g faeces/worm) was analysed in 3 groups (I: 1–3 worms/rat; II: 4–6; III: 7–9). Ontogenetic trajectories of fluke body measures followed a logistic model. Results showed that when the burden increases, the maximum values of fluke measures decrease. The crowding effect is manifest…
Gene therapy with iNOS enhances regional contractility and reduces delayed contrast enhancement in a model of postischemic congestive heart failure
2012
Aims: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of transient local myocardial gene transfer of iNOS on cardiac function in a large mammal animal model of heart failure induced by chronic ischemia. Methods: Chronic myocardial ischemia was induced using a minimally invasive model in 16 landrace pigs. Upon demonstration of heart failure, eight animals were treated with liposome-mediated iNOS-gene-transfer by local intramyocardial injection; eight animals received a sham procedure to serve as control. Results: The transmurality of late enhancement (control: 46.4%, iNOS: 35.9%; p < 0.05) was significantly decreased in the ischemic area in the iNOS-treated group. Wall thickness at end-…
Hippocampo-cerebellar theta band phase synchrony in rabbits.
2009
Hippocampal functioning, in the form of theta band oscillation, has been shown to modulate and predict cerebellar learning of which rabbit eyeblink conditioning is perhaps the most well-known example. The contribution of hippocampal neural activity to cerebellar learning is only possible if there is a functional connection between the two structures. Here, in the context of trace eyeblink conditioning, we show (1) that, in addition to the hippocampus, prominent theta oscillation also occurs in the cerebellum, and (2) that cerebellar theta oscillation is synchronized with that in the hippocampus. Further, the degree of phase synchrony (PS) increased both as a response to the conditioning sti…
Conflict between co-occurring manipulative parasites? An experimental study of the joint influence of two acanthocephalan parasites on the behaviour …
2000
When two parasite species are manipulators and have different definitive hosts, there is a potential for conflict between them. Selection may then exist for either avoiding hosts infected with conflicting parasites, or for hijacking, i.e. competitive processes to gain control of the intermediate host. The evidence for both phenomena depends largely on the study of the relative competitive abilities of parasites within their common intermediate host. We studied the effects of simultaneous infection by a fish acanthocephalan parasite, Pomphorhynchus laevis, and a bird acanthocephalan parasite, Polymorphus minutus, on the behaviour of their common intermediate host, the amphipod Gammarus pulex…
Curcumin inhibits in vitro and in vivo chronic myelogenous leukemia cells growth : a possible role for exosomal disposal of miR-21
2015
// Simona Taverna 1 , Marco Giallombardo 1 , Marzia Pucci 1 , Anna Flugy 1 , Mauro Manno 2 , Samuele Raccosta 2 , Christian Rolfo 3 , Giacomo De Leo 1 , Riccardo Alessandro 1, 4 1 Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Metodologie Biomediche, Sezione di Biologia e Genetica, Universita di Palermo, Italy 2 Istituto di Biofisica, CNR, Palermo, Italy 3 Phase I - Early Clinical Trials Unit Oncology Department and Center of Oncological Research (CORE), University Hospital Antwerp & Antwerp University, Belgium 4 Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare (IBIM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy Correspondence to: Riccardo Alessandro, e-mail: riccardo.alessandro@unipa.it Keywords: e…
Males influence maternal effects that promote sexual selection: a quantitative genetic experiment with dung beetles Onthophagus taurus
2003
J.S.K. was funded by the Academy of Finland, L.W.S. by the Australian Research Council, J.H. by an Australian Postgraduate Award, and J.L.T. by a postdoctoral research fellowship from the University of Western Australia. Recently, doubt has been cast on studies supporting good genes sexual selection by the suggestion that observed genetic benefits for offspring may be confounded by differential maternal allocation. In traditional analyses, observed genetic sire effects on offspring phenotype may result from females allocating more resources to the offspring of attractive males. However, maternal effects such as differential allocation may represent a mechanism promoting genetic sire effects…
Pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and absorption of flumequine in the rat.
1999
Abstract The study demonstrates that the oral extent of bioavailability of flumequine in the rat, relative to the intravenous injection, is complete (0.94±0.04) and not significantly different from that found by the intraduodenal route (0.95±0.04). The rate of oral bioavailability, however, is slow ( k a =1.20±0.07 h −1 ; T max =2.0 h), but enough to maintain plasma levels above the minimal inhibitory concentration of the most common pathogens for an extended period of time (about 10 h). The reason for the oral absorption slowness could be a slow gastric emptying, an adsorption to the gastric mucosae, a precipitation in the gastric medium or any other feature concerning the stomach as the i…
Heme oxygenase-1: a novel key player in the development of tolerance in response to organic nitrates.
2007
Objective— Nitrate tolerance is likely attributable to an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to an inhibition of the mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH-2), representing the nitroglycerin (GTN) and pentaerythrityl tetranitrate (PETN) bioactivating enzyme, and to impaired nitric oxide bioactivity and signaling. We tested whether differences in their capacity to induce heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) might explain why PETN and not GTN therapy is devoid of nitrate and cross-tolerance. Methods and Results— Wistar rats were treated with PETN or GTN (10.5 or 6.6 μg/kg/min for 4 days). In contrast to GTN, PETN did not induce nitrate tolerance or cross-tolerance as assess…
Forest fragmentation is associated with primary brood sex ratio in the treecreeper (Certhia familiaris).
2003
We studied the primary brood sex ratio of an old-growth forest passerine, the Eurasian treecreeper (Certhia familiaris), along a gradient of forest fragmentation. We found evidence that male nestlings were more costly to produce, since they suffered twofold higher nestling mortality and were larger in body size than females. Furthermore, the proportion of males in the brood was positively associated with the provisioning rate and the amount of food delivered to the nestlings. During the first broods, a high edge density and a high proportion of pine forests around the nests were related to a decreased production of males. The densities of spiders, the main food of the treecreeper, were 38% …