Search results for "Alter"
showing 10 items of 2368 documents
Continental-scale patterns of nutrient and fish effects on shallow lakes: synthesis of a pan-European mesocosm experiment
2004
1. Results are analysed from 11 experiments in which effects of fish addition and nutrient loading on shallow lakes were studied in mesocosms. The experiments, five in 1998, six in 1999, were carried out in six lakes, distributed from Finland to southern Spain, according to a standard protocol. 2. Effects of the treatments on 29 standard chemical, phytoplankton and zooplankton variables are examined to assess the relative importance of bottom-up (nutrient enrichment) and top-down (fish predation) effects. For each year, the experiments in different locations are treated as replicates in a meta-analysis. Results of individual experiments are then compared in terms of the patterns of signific…
Three ways to deliver a net positive impact with biodiversity offsets
2020
Biodiversity offsetting is the practice of using conservation actions, such as habitat restoration, management, or protection, to compensate for ecological losses caused by development activity, including construction projects. The typical goal of offsetting is no net loss (NNL), which means that all ecological losses are compensated for by commensurate offset gains. We focused on a conceptual and methodological exploration of net positive impact (NPI), an ambitious goal that implies commitment beyond NNL and that has recently received increasing attention from big business and environmental nongovernmental organizations. We identified 3 main ways NPI could be delivered: use of an additiona…
Flexible timing of reproductive effort as an alternative mating tactic in black grouse (Lyrurus tetrix) males
2016
Alternative reproductive tactics often take the form of dichotomous behavioural phenotypes. Focusing attention on such obvious dichotomy means that flexible patterns of behaviour within tactics is largely ignored. Using a long-term dataset of black grouse (Lyrurus tetrix) lek behaviours, we tested whether there were fine-scale differences in reproductive effort (lek attendance, fighting rates) and whether these were related to age and phenotype. Yearling males increased their lek attendance and fighting rate to a peak when adult male effort was declining. Adults and yearlings allocated reproductive effort according to their body mass but this was unrelated to differences in timing of effort…
Bachelor groups form due to individual choices or environmental disrupters in African striped mice
2021
International audience; In several mammal species, bachelor groups occur as a regular life history stage between dispersal and becoming the breeding male of a multi-female group. However, it is rarely investigated how such groups come into existence and how males that choose this strategy differ in life history traits from other males. Males of the socially flexible African striped mouse Rhabdomys pumilio have been historically reported to adopt one of three alternative tactics, i.e., small group-living philopatric males, intermediate solitary living roaming males, or large group-living territorial males. Here, we describe for the first time, bachelors as a fourth male tactic. Using long-te…
Social information use about novel aposematic prey is not influenced by a predator’s previous experience with toxins
2019
Aposematism is an effective antipredator strategy. However, the initial evolution and maintenance of aposematism are paradoxical because conspicuous prey are vulnerable to attack by naive predators. Consequently, the evolution of aposematic signal mimicry is also difficult to explain. The cost of conspicuousness can be reduced if predators learn about novel aposematic prey by observing another predator's response to that same prey. On the other hand, observing positive foraging events might also inform predators about the presence of undefended mimics, accelerating predation on both mimics and their defended models. It is currently unknown, however, how personal and social information combi…
On Some Misconceptions Concerning Digital Banking and Alternative Delivery Channels
2016
A great deal of conceptual confusion surrounds the notions of digital banking and innovative alternative delivery channels that support banking and other financial transactions globally. The authors contend that the concepts of digital banking and associated delivery channels are ambiguous and restrictive; their usability has been undermined and their purpose and objective have, to a large extent, been misunderstood. Against this backdrop, the authors offer an inclusive definition of digital banking and delivery channels and provide logical explanations of these terms that can benefit scholars, the telecommunication sector, the banking industry, policy makers, and service providers (in term…
Rodzinna postpamięć Ślązaków
2017
Family Postmemory of the People of Silesia
 The author suggests a possible use of postmemory to analyse the contemporary family memory of the people of Silesia. Their memoirs about WW2 (such as working for the Wehrmacht, the Red Army invading Silesia, working in labour camps, nationality verification, displacements to Germany, and deportations to Siberia) bear signs of latent memory which is rarely revealed even to the next of kin. Present mainly within the family circle, within the local society, and among friends, these memoirs integrated Silesians and made them a unique community that considers itself a stigmatized minority. This contributed to mythologizing and stereotyping the who…
From “Mano Dura” to “Enfrentamiento Directo”: swings of public policies in El Salvador
2019
RESUMEN Introduccion: El presente trabajo analiza las cuatro principales politicas publicas de seguridad contra las pandillas en El Salvador: Mano Dura (2003-2004), Super Mano Dura (2004-2009), Tregua entre pandillas (2012-2014) y Enfrentamiento Directo (2014-2019). El objetivo es identificar la influencia de estas politicas sobre la violencia. Materiales y Metodos: Se trata de una investigacion cualitativa apoyada en 12 entrevistas y el relato de vida con las que se explora la responsabilidad gubernamental frente al problema de la violencia en El Salvador. El trabajo de campo se efectuo durante 7 meses, entre septiembre de 2016 y marzo de 2017. El tratamiento de la informacion se efectuo m…
Morfofisiología del diafragma torácico en las medicinas china y occidental
2016
Resumen Las autoras creen que el analisis comparativo de diversos temas entre la medicina china y la occidental supone una aportacion al progresivo —y deseado— avance hacia la mutua comprension y sinergia entre ambas disciplinas. La descripcion occidental del diafragma toracico sugiere ciertas lineas de confluencia respecto al enfoque chino: anatomicamente aportan sugerentes paralelismos las referencias de insercion muscular e inervacion del diafragma, asi como su biodinamica respiratoria, elementos coincidentes con la posicion de diversos puntos de acupuntura toracicos que presentan, ademas, posibles semejanzas en sus funciones fisiologicas reguladoras a diversos niveles, con las que la me…
Meridianos distintos (Jīng Bié) y sistema linfático, comparación anatómica y funcional
2016
The analysis of possible meeting points between Chinese and Western medicine makes an addition to the gradual progress towards mutual understanding and synergy of both disciplines. The description of trajectories and functions of the Divergent Channels seems to suggest certain parallels regarding western anatomy and lymph system function. From the anatomical perspective, the trajectory of the JīngBie resembles the arrangement and energy flux direction to the lymph system. Besides, the position of the main JīngBie points, such as “Departure points” and “Window of Heaven points” tends to match regions with a high presence of lymph nodes. Also, the JīngBie functions resemble the physiology of …