Search results for "Alzheimer's"

Misidentification Delusions : prevalence in different types of dementia and validation of a structured Questionnaire

2016

International audience; Misidentification delusions (MDs) are considered relatively rare psychopathologic phenomena that may occur within the context of psychiatric or neurological conditions. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of MD in different types of dementia, correlate the presence of MD with demographic and clinical variables, and validate a specific questionnaire. We examined 146 subjects with Alzheimer disease, 21 with Lewy body dementia, 6 with frontotemporal dementia, and 13 with vascular dementia (subcortical type), who were consecutively enrolled in the study from 2 Memory Clinics. Patients had a mean age of 78.7±6.4 years and an Mini-Mental State Examinatio…

Investigating the association between cancer and the risk of dementia: Results from the Memento cohort

2021

International audience; IntroductionStudies on the association of cancer and risk of dementia are inconclusive due to result heterogeneity and concerns of survivor bias and unmeasured confounding.MethodsThis study uses data from the Memento cohort, a French multicenter cohort following persons with either mild or isolated cognitive complaints for a median of 5 years. Illness‐death models (IDMs) were used to estimate transition‐specific hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident cancer in relation to dementia from time since study entry.ResultsThe analytical sample (N = 2258) excluded 65 individuals without follow‐up information. At the end of follow‐up, 286 individu…

When the amnestic mild cognitive impairment disappears: characterisation of the memory profile

2009

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Subjects affected by mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may improve during the observation period. This is the first study investigating qualitative features of memory deficits in subjects affected by reversible MCI [reversible cognitive impairment (RCI)]. METHODS: Baseline cognitive and memory performances of 18 subjects affected by amnestic MCI who had normalized cognitive performances at follow-ups were compared with those of 76 amnestic MCI subjects who still showed impaired cognitive performances at the 24-month follow-up (MCI) and with those of a group of 87 matched control subjects (normal controls). RESULTS: Compared with normal controls the memory deficit in the…

Long-Term Response to Cholinesterase Inhibitor Treatment Is Related to Functional MRI Response in Alzheimer's Disease.

2015

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEI) enhances cholinergic activity and alleviates clinical symptoms. However, there is variation in the clinical response as well as system level changes revealed by functional MRI (fMRI) studies. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We investigated 18 newly diagnosed mild AD patients with fMRI using a face recognition task after a single oral dose of rivastigmine, a single dose of placebo and 1-month treatment with rivastigmine. The clinical follow-up took place at 6 and 12 months. <b><i>Results:</i></b> MMSE score difference between bas…

Ionizing radiation-engineered nanogels as insulin nanocarriers for the development of a new strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease

2016

A growing body of evidence shows the protective role of insulin in Alzheimer's disease (AD). A nanogel system (NG) to deliver insulin to the brain, as a tool for the development of a new therapy for Alzheimer's Disease (AD), is designed and synthetized. A carboxyl-functionalized poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) nanogel system produced by ionizing radiation is chosen as substrate for the covalent attachment of insulin or fluorescent molecules relevant for its characterization. Biocompatibility and hemocompatibility of the naked carrier is demonstrated. The insulin conjugated to the NG (NG-In) is protected by protease degradation and able to bind to insulin receptor (IR), as demonstrated by immunofl…

Vascular risk factors in Alzheimer’s disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment: population data from the Zabùt Aging Project

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in older adults, accounting for about 60% of cases. However, autopsy studies suggested that mixed dementia, with vascular and neurodegenerative AD pathology, accounts for nearly 20% of dementia cases. Aims: Aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between isolated or clustered Vascular Risk Factors (VRFs)/diseases and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) or AD. The study was conducted using a Sicilian population-based cohort dataset collected in low-educated, rural subjects, the Zabùt Aging Project (ZAP). The effect-modification by age, sex, education, genetic factor (APOE4 allele carrier), undernutrition,…

Ketogenic diet in neuromuscular and neurodegenerative diseases.

2014

An increasing number of data demonstrate the utility of ketogenic diets in a variety of metabolic diseases as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. In regard to neurological disorders, ketogenic diet is recognized as an effective treatment for pharmacoresistant epilepsy but emerging data suggests that ketogenic diet could be also useful in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer, Parkinson’s disease, and some mitochondriopathies. Although these diseases have different pathogenesis and features, there are some common mechanisms that could explain the effects of ketogenic diets. These mechanisms are to provide an efficient source of energy for the treatment of certain types of neurodege…

Astrocytes Protect Neurons from Aβ1-42 Peptide-Induced Neurotoxicity Increasing TFAM and PGC-1 and Decreasing PPAR-γ and SIRT-1

2015

One of the earliest neuropathological events in Alzheimer's disease is accumulation of astrocytes at sites of Aβ1-42 depositions. Our results indicate that Aβ1-42 toxic peptide increases lipid peroxidation, apoptosis and cell death in neurons but not in astrocytes in primary culture. Aβ1-42-induced deleterious neuronal effects are not present when neurons and astrocytes are mixed cultured. Stimulation of astrocytes with toxic Aβ1-42 peptide increased p-65 and decreased IκB resulting in inflammatory process. In astrocytes Aβ1-42 decreases protein expressions of sirtuin 1 (SIRT-1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) and over-expresses peroxisome proliferator-activated re…

Molecular topology as novel strategy for discovery of drugs with aβ lowering and anti-aggregation dual activities for Alzheimer's disease.

2014

Background and Purpose: In this study, we demonstrate the use of Molecular topology (MT) in an Alzheimer's disease (AD) drug discovery program. MT uses and expands upon the principles governing the molecular connectivity theory of numerically characterizing molecular structures, in the present case, active anti-AD drugs/agents, using topological descriptors to build models. Topological characterization has been shown to embody sufficient molecular information to provide strong correlation to therapeutic efficacy. Experimental Approach: We used MT to include multiple bioactive properties that allows for the identification of multifunctional single agent compounds, in this case, the dual func…

Nanoparticulate Systems for Drug Delivery and Targeting to the Central Nervous System

2010

Brain delivery is one of the major challenges for the neuropharmaceutical industry since an alarming increase in brain disease incidence is going on. Despite major advances in neuroscience, many potential therapeutic agents are denied access to the central nervous system (CNS) because of the existence of a physiological low permeable barrier, the blood-brain barrier (BBB). To obtain an improvement of drug CNS performance, sophisticated approaches such as nanoparticulate systems are rapidly developing. Many recent data demonstrate that drugs could be transported successfully into the brain using colloidal systems after i.v. injection by several mechanisms such as endocytosis or P-glycoprotei…