Search results for "Amy"
showing 10 items of 1486 documents
Gender and age-dependent differences in the mitochondrial apoptogenic pathway in Alzheimer's disease
2008
Age-related mitochondrial oxidative stress is highly gender dependent. The aim of this study was to determine the role of gender in the mitochondrial contribution to neuronal apoptosis in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We used mitochondria isolated from brains of Wistar rats to study the toxicity of ss-amyloid peptide (Ass), and found that it increases mitochondrial peroxide production, nitration and oxidation of proteins, and release of cytochrome c. The toxic effects occurred in young males and in old females but not in young females, indicating their resistance to Ass. This resistance was abolished with age. These toxic effects of Ass were prevented by heme. Our findings provide a molecular m…
Age and Protein Restriction Followed by Balanced Refeeding Affect Pancreatic Digestive Enzyme Outputs and Turnover Times in Rats
1991
Outputs and turnover times of trypsinogen 2, chymotrypsinogen 1, lipase and amylase were determined in pancreatic juice of growing male Wistar rats at various times during protein restriction (5% protein) followed by balanced refeeding (20% protein). In control rats fed a 20% protein diet, trypsinogen 2, chymotrypsinogen 1 and amylase outputs increased progressively with age, those of lipase remained constant and the turnover times of the four hydrolases were shortened. With time, protein restriction induced the most rapid decrease in trypsinogen 2 output, followed by that of amylase, then by those of trypsinogen 1 and lipase. Compared with controls, protein restriction enhanced specific ra…
Genome-wide Analyses Identify KIF5A as a Novel ALS Gene
2018
© 2018 Elsevier Inc.
Extract of Caragana sinica as a potential therapeutic option for increasing alpha-secretase gene expression
2015
Abstract Background Alzheimer's disease represents one of the main neurological disorders in the aging population. Treatment options so far are only of symptomatic nature and efforts in developing disease modifying drugs by targeting amyloid beta peptide-generating enzymes remain fruitless in the majority of human studies. During the last years, an alternative approach emerged to target the physiological alpha-secretase ADAM10, which is not only able to prevent formation of toxic amyloid beta peptides but also provides a neuroprotective fragment of the amyloid precursor protein – sAPPalpha. Purpose To identify novel alpha-secretase enhancers from a library of 313 extracts of medicinal plant…
Different electrophysiological actions of 24- and 72-hour aggregated amyloid-beta oligomers on hippocampal field population spike in both anesthetize…
2010
Diffusible oligomeric assemblies of the amyloid beta-protein (Abeta) could be the primary factor in the pathogenic pathway leading to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Converging lines of evidence support the notion that AD begins with subtle alterations in synaptic efficacy, prior to the occurrence of extensive neuronal degeneration. Recently, however, a shared or overlapping pathogenesis for AD and epileptic seizures occurred as aberrant neuronal hyperexcitability, as well as nonconvulsive seizure activity were found in several different APP transgenic mouse lines. This generated a renewed attention to the well-known comorbidity of AD and epilepsy and interest in how Abeta oligomers influence neu…
Senile amyloidosis: Principles of localization in a heterogeneous form of amyloidosis
1983
In order to identify amyloid deposits in patients over 60 years of age (so-called senile amyloid), the following five tissues were investigated under the light and electron microscope : 1. pituitary gland, 2. pancreatic islets of Langerhans, 3. heart, 4. aorta, and 5. brain. In all an increasing incidence of amyloid deposits was found with increasing age, and in the brain a significant quantitative increase in amyloid deposits with increasing age was observed. Despite the biochemical heterogeneity of amyloid found in old age, all the deposits seen in tissues examined were morphologically similar. Typical amyloid fibrils were always found (diameter 60–100 A), and these were invariably deposi…
Expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits in the cerebral cortex in Alzheimer's disease: histotopographical correlation with amyloid pl…
1999
Impairment of cholinergic transmission and decreased numbers of nicotinic binding sites are well-known features accompanying the cognitive dysfunction seen in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In order to elucidate the underlying cause of this cholinoceptive dysfunction, the expression of two pharmacologically different nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits (alpha4, alpha7) was studied in the cerebral cortex of Alzheimer patients as compared to controls. Patch-clamp recordings of 14 dissociated neurons of control cortices showed responses suggesting the existence of alpha4- and alpha7-containing functional nAChRs in the human cortex. In cortices of Alzheimer patients and controls, the p…
Mutations in ATP13A2 (PARK9) are associated with an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-like phenotype, implicating this locus in further phenotypic expans…
2019
Background Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis [1] is a genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by late-onset degeneration of motor neurons leading to progressive limb and bulbar weakness, as well as of the respiratory muscles, which is the primary cause of disease fatality. To date, over 25 genes have been implicated as causative in ALS with C9orf72, SOD1, FUS, and TARDBP accounting for the majority of genetically positive cases. Results We identified two patients of Italian and French ancestry with a clinical diagnosis of juvenile-onset ALS who were mutation-negative in any of the known ALS causative genes. Starting with the index case, a consanguineous family of Ita…
Non-invasive ventilation effectiveness and the effect of ventilatory mode on survival in ALS patients.
2013
Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) prolongs survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but there are no data with which to compare the effectiveness of the different ventilator modes – volume (Vol-NIV) or pressure-cycled (Pres-NIV) ventilation – in ALS. We aimed to determine whether the ventilatory mode has an effect on ventilation effectiveness and survival of ALS patients using NIV. We used a retrospective study that included all ALS patients for whom NIV was indicated in two referral units: one using Vol-NIV and the other using Pres-NIV. Demographic, functional and nocturnal gas exchange parameters at NIV initiation were recorded. Eighty-two ALS patients ventilated using Pres-NIV and 6…
Earliest Evidence for Social Endogamy in the 9,000-Year-Old-Population of Basta, Jordan
2013
The transition from mobile to sedentary life was one of the greatest social challenges of the human past. Yet little is known about the impact of this fundamental change on social interactions amongst early Neolithic communities, which are best recorded in the Near East. The importance of social processes associated with these economic and ecological changes has long been underestimated. However, ethnographic observations demonstrate that generalized reciprocity – such as open access to resources and land – had to be reduced to a circumscribed group before regular farming and herding could be successfully established. Our aim was thus to investigate the role of familial relationships as one…