Search results for "Anatomia"

Marine Invertebrates as Bioindicators of Heavy Metal Pollution

2014

Atmosphere, earth and water compose the environment. The presence of heavy metals in the environment has grown because of their large employment in some industrial and agricultural activities. Although these metals are terrestrial products, they flow into the sea through effluents and sewage or are directly discharged from industries placed on the seawater front. It should be considered that metals concentrations vary widely according to different seawater latitudes and depths and can be strongly influenced by fresh water discharges from heavily polluted rivers. In this review recent studies on heavy metal pollution in marine ecosystems and their organisms will be presented. Metal speciatio…

Cadmium stress effects indicating marine pollution in different species of sea urchin employed as environmental bioindicators

2019

In recent years, researches about the defense strategies induced by cadmium stress have greatly increased, invading several fields of scientific research. Mechanisms of cadmium-induced toxicity continue to be of interest for researchers given its ubiquitous nature and environmental distribution, where it often plays the role of pollutant for numerous organisms. The presence in the environment of this heavy metal has been constantly increasing because of its large employment in several industrial and agricultural activities. Cadmium does not have any biological role and, since it cannot be degraded by living organisms, it is irreversibly accumulated into cells, interacting with cellular comp…

3D cultures of rat astrocytes and brain capillary endothelial cells on Poly-L-lactic acid scaffolds

2016

Tissue engineering is an emerging multidisciplinary field that aims at reproducing in vitro and/or in vivo tissues with morphological and functional features similar to the biological tissue of the human body. In this communication we report setting of three-dimensional structures able to mimic the extracellular matrix of the nervous system: we prepared Poly-L-Lactic Acid (PLLA) porous scaffolds via thermally induced phase separation (TIPS), and investigated the parameters that influence porosity, average pore size and degree of interconnection, i.e. polymer concentration, temperature and time of process. Astrocytes and brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs) were cultured on these three-…

EFFECT OF EXTRACTS FROM LEAVES AND RHIZOMES OF THE SEAGRASS POSIDONIA OCEANICA ON HEPG2 HEPATOCARCINOMA (HCC) CELLS

2022

Effect of the lemon essential oils on the safety and sensory quality of salted sardines (Sardina pilchardus Walbaum 1792)

2017

The main aim of this research was to investigate the biopreservative effects of lemon essential oil (EO) micro-emulsions on salted sardines. The experimental design included two experimental trials, SR1 and SR2 carried out with 25 ml of lemon EO micro-emulsion at 0.3 and 1.0% (v/v), respectively, and a control trial performed without EO addition. Chemical analyses on salted sardines inoculated with the EOs clearly showed a substantial persistence of several volatile organic compounds (VOCs) belonging to groups of monoterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons derived from EOs during the entire period of ripening. In particular, the molecules mostly represen…

IL FATTORE IDROSTATICO

2007

La pressione idrostatica di un fluido è l’aumento della pressione in profondità rispetto a quella di superficie. Nelle arterie e vene cerebrali la pressione idrostatica del sangue se soggetta a continue oscillazioni può danneggiare il sistema capillare interposto e incidere negativamente sugli scambi di ossigeno e altre sostanze con il tessuto nervoso circostante. Il controllo vasomotorio del sistema nervoso autonomo è inefficace determinando una contrazione lenta e duratura nel tempo a livello delle arteriole di medio e piccolo calibro. Esiste perciò un importante fattore di bilanciamento della pressione sanguigna a livello cranico in grado di contenere la pressione idrostatica eccessiva: …

Short-term exposure to cadmium affects the expression of stress response and apoptosis-related genes in immortalized epithelial cells from the human …

2009

Abstract It is known that cadmium (Cd) evokes cell responses that not only involve protective reactions against toxicity but also induces cell death. Increasing interest has been recently focused on the elucidation of the cellular and molecular aspects of Cd-dependent regulation of gene expression in different model systems. Here, we examined the effects of short-term (24 h) exposure of immortalized non-tumoral HB2 cells from human breast epithelium to CdCl2 at 50 μM concentration, corresponding to the IC50 for this time of incubation. The possible occurrence of apoptosis-related events was evaluated via analysis of the physical state of the DNA and of the membrane localization of phosphaty…

Toxic effects induced by vanadium on sea urchin embryos

2020

Vanadium, a naturally occurring element widely distributed in soil, water and air, has received considerable interest because its compounds are often used in different applications, from industry to medicine. While the possible medical use of vanadium compounds is promising, its potential harmful effects on living organisms are still unclear. Here, for the first time, we provide a toxicological profile induced by vanadium on Paracentrotus lividus sea urchin embryos, reporting an integrated and comparative analysis of the detected effects reflecting vanadium-toxicity. At the morphological level we found a dose-dependent induction of altered phenotypes and of skeletal malformations. At the mo…

Sea urchin embryos exposed to cadmium as an experimental model for studying the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis

2014

The sea urchin embryo is a suitable model that offers an excellent opportunity to investigate different defence strategies activated in stress conditions. We previously showed that cadmium accumulates in a dose- and time-dependent manner into embryonic cells, activating different stress and defence mechanisms, including the synthesis of HSPs and the onset of apoptosis and/or autophagy. In this paper we investigated the functional relationship between autophagy and apoptosis, evaluating apoptosis signals in cadmium-exposed Paracentrotus lividus embryos with inhibited autophagy. We found that the inhibition of autophagy produced the concurrent reduction of apoptosis, suggesting that the two p…

Toxic effects on astrocytes of extracellular vesicles from CSF of multiple sclerosis patients: a pilot in vitro study.

2020

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune and degenerative disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) that causes a progressive loss of motor and cognitive perfor-mances. Moreover, since the earlier phases, axonal loss as well as neuronal degener-ation and a failure of oligodendrocytes to promote myelin repair have been demon-strated. In previous studies, it has been shown that the treatment of rat neuronal primary cultures with serum from MS patients can be toxic for neurons. Here we report a pilot investigation showing that CSF from patients contains extracellular vesicles (EVs) able to induce cell death in rat cultured astrocytes. Although these data are still preliminary, they suggest …