Search results for "Ancestor"
showing 10 items of 43 documents
Origin of modern syphilis and emergence of a contemporary pandemic cluster
2016
AbstractSyphilis swept across the world in the 16th century as one of most prominent documented pandemics and is re-emerging worldwide despite the availability of effective antibiotics. Little is known about the genetic patterns in current infections or the evolutionary origins of the disease due to the non-cultivable and clonal nature of the causative bacterium Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum. In this study, we used DNA capture and next generation sequencing to obtain whole genome data from syphilis patient specimens and from treponemes propagated in laboratory settings. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that the syphilis strains examined here share a common ancestor after the 15th century…
Ancestral Reconstruction and Investigations of Genomic Recombination on some Pentapetalae Chloroplasts
2019
Abstract In this article, we propose a semi-automated method to rebuild genome ancestors of chloroplasts by taking into account gene duplication. Two methods have been used in order to achieve this work: a naked eye investigation using homemade scripts, whose results are considered as a basis of knowledge, and a dynamic programming based approach similar to Needleman-Wunsch. The latter fundamentally uses the Gestalt pattern matching method of sequence matcher to evaluate the occurrences probability of each gene in the last common ancestor of two given genomes. The two approaches have been applied on chloroplastic genomes from Apiales, Asterales, and Fabids orders, the latter belonging to Pe…
La evolución en los tribunales: aplicaciones forenses de las filogenias moleculares
2013
En las dos últimas décadas se ha generalizado el uso de pruebas genéticas en los tribunales, permitiendo la identificación de criminales a partir de restos biológicos, la determinación de paternidades o la identificación de cadáveres. Menos conocidas son las periciales basadas en el uso de filogenias moleculares. En ellas se estudia la ancestralidad común de organismos, normalmente virus o bacterias, para establecer su asociación a una fuente de infección. Desde el caso del dentista de Florida, que infectó con el VIH a varios de sus pacientes, hasta el más próximo del anestesista Juan Maeso, que transmitió el VHC a cerca de 300 pacientes, la teoría evolutiva tiene un papel esencial en estas…
Porifera a reference phylum for evolution and bioprospecting: the power of marine genomics
2005
The term Urmetazoa, as the hypothetical metazoan ancestor, was introduced to highlight the finding that all metazoan phyla including the Porifera [sponges] derived from one common ancestor. Analyses of sponge genomes, from Demospongiae, Calcarea and Hexactinellida have permitted the reconstruction of the evolutionary trail from Fungi to Metazoa. This has provided evidence that the characteristic evolutionary novelties of Metazoa existing in Porifera share high sequence similarities and in some aspects also functional similarities to related polypeptides found in other metazoan phyla. It is surprising that the genome of Porifera is large and comprises substantially more genes than Protostomi…
Chromosomes and the origins of apes and australopithecins
1996
Comparison of molecular data suggests that the higher apes (Gorilla, Pan) and humankind (Homo) are closely related and that they diverged from the common ancestor through two speciation events situated very closely together in time. Examination of the chromosomal formulas of the living species reveals a paradox in the distribution of mutated chromosomes which can only be resolved by a model of trichotomic diversification. This new model of divergence from the common ancestor is characterized by the transition from (1) a monotypic phase to (2) a polytypic phase of three sub-species — pre-gorilla, pre-chimpanzee and preaustralopithecine. The quadruped ancestors ofAustralopithecus appear to ha…
On the longest common factor problem
2008
The Longest Common Factor (LCF) of a set of strings is a well studied problem having a wide range of applications in Bioinformatics: from microarrays to DNA sequences analysis. This problem has been solved by Hui (2000) who uses a famous constant-time solution to the Lowest Common Ancestor (LCA) problem in trees coupled with use of suffix trees. A data structure for the LCA problem, although linear in space and construction time, introduces a multiplicative constant in both space and time that reduces the range of applications in many biological applications. In this article we present a new method for solving the LCF problem using the suffix tree structure with an auxiliary array that take…
Forward and backward diffusion approximations for haploid exchangeable population models
2001
Abstract The class of haploid population models with non-overlapping generations and fixed population size N is considered such that the family sizes ν1,…,νN within a generation are exchangeable random variables. A criterion for weak convergence in the Skorohod sense is established for a properly time- and space-scaled process counting the number of descendants forward in time. The generator A of the limit process X is constructed using the joint moments of the offspring variables ν1,…,νN. In particular, the Wright–Fisher diffusion with generator Af(x)= 1 2 x(1−x)f″(x) appears in the limit as the population size N tends to infinity if and only if the condition lim N→∞ E((ν 1 −1) 3 )/(N Var …
Rodrigo de Mendoza, I Marqués del Cenete y I Conde del Cid: paralelismos entre su biografía y su pretendida genealogía = Rodrigo de Mendoza, First Ma…
2018
El Gran Cardenal de España quiso, al legitimar a sus hijos nacidos de sendas relaciones ilícitas, consolidarlos como miembros de la nobleza castellana. Así fue, por ejemplo, con su primogénito Rodrigo, I marqués del Cenete y I conde del Cid, emparentado por voluntad paterna con Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar, el Cid Campeador. Al apropiarse de esta ficticia genealogía, el prelado dotaba al mayorazgo legado a éste de un simbolismo que, a medida que el marqués fue madurando y curtiéndose en las guerras de Granada, las campañas italianas y las Germanías de Valencia, cobraba mayor verosimilitud a través de sus actos y acciones. El objeto de este trabajo es aproximarnos al perfil biográfico de Rodrigo de…
Plausibilitat d?un ancestre comú entre les obres mitològiques de Joan Roís de Corella i les Transformacions de Francesc Alegre
2020
Between the Transformacions of Francesc Alegre (c.1452 - c.1508) and the mythological proses of Joan Roís de Corella some textual coincidences have been detected. Not without reservations, these coincidences have been explained as Corellas influence on Alegre. This is the most satisfactory explanation, given Alegre’s admiration and imitation of Corella’s prose, and Corella’s huge fame in the second half of the fifteenth century. However, Alegre knew earlier versions of Ovid’s Metamorphoses, such as that by Francesc de Pinós (1416-1475), or the anonymous Castilian version, both nowadays lost. And perhaps these versions were known by Corella too. The textual coincidences of these two authors …
Evolution of metaphors: Phylogeny of oil slick cartoons in Spanish press
2014
The main purpose of this article is to analyze the evolution of a metaphor set over time. By studying cartoons about the oil slick caused by the Prestige oil tanker in 2002 on Spanish shores and the subsequent court decision in 2013, we observe a progressive metaphor diversification and evolution, with the oil slick as an old common trait. Additionally, using basic cladistical methods, we propose a phylogenetic tree for the metaphor set, from a common ancestor to the subsequent diversification regarding news content. These results show that phylogenetic models can be very helpful in understanding the evolution of conceptual metaphors, and this method of analysis could even be a methodologi…