Search results for "Angiotensin"

Mechanisms of Increased Vascular Superoxide Production in an Experimental Model of Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy

2005

Objective— In the present study, we sought to identify mechanisms underlying increased oxidative stress in vascular tissue in an experimental animal model of chronic congestive heart failure (CHF). Methods and Results— Superoxide and nitric oxide (NO) was measured in vessels from cardiomyopathic hamsters (CHF hamsters) and golden Syrian hamsters. We also determined expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOSIII), the soluble guanylyl cyclase, the cGMP-dependent kinase, and the NADPH oxidase. To analyze the contribution of the renin-angiotensin system to oxidative stress, CHF hamsters were treated with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril for 200 days (120 mg · kg …

Synergistic Effect of Carfilzomib and Metformin in Vascular Plasticity; The Emerging Role of Autophagy

2019

Introduction: Carfilzomib (Cfz) correlates with a risk of reversible cardiotoxicity in 5-10% of multiple myeloma (MM) patients. We have recently shown that metformin (Met) has a prophylactic role against the Cfz-induced cardiotoxicity in vivo, through activation of AMPKα signaling (Blood 2019;133:710-23). However, the impact of Cfz on vascular function is obscure. Therefore, we sought to investigate: i) the acute, ii) the sub-chronic effect of Cfz on the vascular reactivity, iii) the effect of metformin co-administration on the vascular phenotype and iv) the impact of Cfz and Met co-administration on aged Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells (HAoSMCs). Methods: Forty male C57Bl/6 mice were assi…

Vergleichende reaktionskinetische Untersuchungen mit standardisiertem menschlichen Renin an vier angereicherten tierischen Reninsubstraten

1970

Zur Charakterisierung der Angiotensinbildung aus vier angereicherten tierischen Reninsubstraten (Rind, Schwein, Hund und Ratte) mit menschlichem Renin wurde das Temperatur- und pH-Verhalten untersucht, sowie die Michaelis-Menten-Konstanten und maximalen Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten bestimmt.

Comparative study of capillary electroendosmotic chromatography and electrically assisted gradient nano-liquid chromatography for the separation of p…

2000

Capillary electroendoendosmotic chromatography (CEC), being a hybrid of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary electrophoresis, offers considerable changes to enhance column efficiency, speed of analysis and additional selectivity as compared to the parent methods. The analytes are driven by the electroendosmotic flow (EOF) and separated by surface-solute interactions as well as by differences in electromigration. In this paper on the separation of peptides on C18 reversed-phase and mixed-mode (sulphonic acid-n-alkyl) packings in CEC and electrically assisted reversed-phase gradient nano-LC are investigated. It is shown that mixed mode packings generate a higher EOF tha…

Extent and duration of angiotensin ii antagonistic activity of irbesartan and candesartan cilexetil

2000

Effects of Losartan and Delapril on the Fibrinolytic System in Patients with Mild to Moderate Hypertension

2007

Background and objectives: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) probably influences the fibrinolytic system at a central point by converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II, which increases plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) activity. This effect appears to be mediated in humans via the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor. The objective of this study was to evaluate, in patients with mild to moderate hypertension, the change in tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and PAI-1 plasma levels after treatment with an AT1-receptor blocker (losartan 50 mg/day) or an ACE inhibitor (delapril 60 mg/day). Patients and methods: 30 hypertensive patients and 15 controls were enrolled. Essential hype…

Different effects of losartan and delapril on plasma PAI-1 levels in patients with mild to moderate hypertension

2003

ACE probably influences the fibrinolytic system at acentral point by converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II,which increases PAI-1 activity. This effect appears to bemediated via the AT1-receptor in humans. The RAAS mayalso contribute to a reduction in t-PA production by degra-dation of bradykinin, since the latter increases the release ofprostacyclin, nitric oxide, and t-PA from endothelial cells.Accordingly, ACE inhibitors not only influence the fibrino-lytic system by a reduction of PAI-1 activity but also byincreasing t-PA activity [1–3]. However, few studies haveanalysed the effects of AT1-R antagonists on t-PA and PAI-1plasma levels and the in vivo effects of AT1-R antagonistson th…

Dissecting Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Is Aggravated by Genetic Inactivation of LIGHT (TNFSF14)

2021

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), is a complex disorder characterized by vascular vessel wall remodeling. LIGHT (TNFSF14) is a proinflammatory cytokine associated with vascular disease. In the present study, the impact of genetic inactivation of Light was investigated in dissecting AAA induced by angiotensin II (AngII) in the Apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe−/−) mice. Studies in aortic human (ah) vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) to study potential translation to human pathology were also performed. AngII-treated Apoe−/−Light−/− mice displayed increased abdominal aorta maximum diameter and AAA severity compared with Apoe−/− mice. Notably, reduced smooth muscle α-actin+ area and Acta2 and C…

Aliskiren: Just a New Drug for Few Selected Patients or an Innovative Molecule Predestinated to Replace Arbs and Ace-Inhibitors?

2009

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a dominant role in the pathophysiology of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease and chronic heart failure. Therefore, drugs that block key components of the RAAS such as ACE inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) have gained wide clinical use for these indications. Despite progress, the morbidity and mortality of patients treated with ACEI or ARBs remain high. Aliskiren (Tekturna, Rasilez) is the first orally active inhibitor of renin approved for clinical use as an antihypertensive agent. The development program has established that at the licensed doses of 150 mg and 300 mg. Aliskiren is effective …

Biowaiver Monographs for Immediate-Release Solid Oral Dosage Forms: Enalapril

2018

Literature data relevant to the decision to allow a waiver of in vivo bioequivalence testing for the marketing authorization of immediate-release, solid oral dosage forms containing enalapril maleate are reviewed. Enalapril, a prodrug, is hydrolyzed by carboxylesterases to the active angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor enalaprilat. Enalapril as the maleate salt is shown to be highly soluble, but only 60%-70% of an orally administered dose of enalapril is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract into the enterocytes. Consequently, enalapril maleate is a Biopharmaceutics Classification System class III substance. Because in situ conversion of the maleate salt to the sodium salt is sometim…