Search results for "Animal Structures"
showing 10 items of 876 documents
The "Tokyo" consensus on propeller flaps
2011
Background: Overthepastfewyears,theuseofpropellerflaps,whichbasetheir blood supply on subcutaneous tissue or isolated perforators, has become in- creasingly popular. Because no consensus has yet been reached on terminology and nomenclature of the propeller flap, different and confusing uses of the term can be found in the literature. Methods: Inthisarticle,theauthorsreporttheconsensusonthedefinitionand classification of propeller flaps reached by the authors that gathered at the First Tokyo Meeting on Perforator and Propeller Flaps in June of 2009. Some peculiar aspects of the surgical technique are discussed. Results: A propeller flap can be defined as an “island flap that reaches the reci…
Our Definition of Propeller Flaps and Their Classification
2020
AbstractThe term propeller flap was introduced for the first time by Hyakusoku to define an island flap, based on a subcutaneous pedicle hub, that was rotated 90 degrees to correct scar contractures due to burns. With the popularization of perforator flaps, the propeller movement was applied for the first time to a skin island vascularized only by an isolated perforator, and the terms propeller and perforator flap were used together. Thereafter, the surgical technique of propeller flaps evolved and new applications developed. With the “Tokyo consensus,” we proposed a definition and a classification schema for propeller flaps. A propeller flap was defined as an “island flap that reaches the …
Infections of susceptible and resistant mouse strains with herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2.
1980
The spread of HSV of type 1 and 2 was investigated after intraperitoneal, intraplantar and intracerebral infections of resistant (C57/bl) and susceptible (NMRI) mice. The virus spreads after i.p. infection to the spleen and the liver to the same extent in both strains of mice. However, virus is eliminated earlier in resistant mice. Intracerebral infections revealed a peculiar type of resistance of C57/bl mice especially for type 2 of HSV. HSV multiplies in the thymus at the early stage of infection and can be detected in this organ in sick mice of NMRI strain. HSV-1 and 2 can be detected in the spinal cord of C57/bl mice without sickness or death of these animals.
Responses to ultraviolet radiation in larval pike, Esox lucius, of two origins and ages
2007
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced mortality and behavioural disorder were studied in larval northern pike of two origins and ages. Newly hatched larvae of two differently coloured populations and six-day-old larvae of one population were exposed to four fluence rates of UVR, resulting in total doses from 11.5 to 63 kJ m–2, and monitored for mortality and behaviour. The rate of mortality and the severity of behavioural disorder differed by origin and age of the animals, but the effect was fluence-rate dependent. Total melanin concentration of newly hatched larvae was measured to assess if sensitivity to UVR correlated with pigmentation, but no differences in melanin concentration between l…
The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase MID1 Catalyzes Ubiquitination and Cleavage of Fu
2014
Sonic Hedgehog (SHH)-GLI signalling plays an important role during embryogenesis and in tumorigenesis. The survival and growth of several types of cancer depend on autonomously activated SHH-GLI signalling. A protein complex containing the ubiquitin-ligase MID1 and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) regulates the nuclear localization and transcriptional activity of GLI3, a transcriptional effector molecule of SHH, in cancer cell lines with autonomously activated SHH signalling. However, the exact molecular mechanisms that mediate the interaction between MID1 and GLI3 remained unknown. Here, we show that MID1 catalyses the ubiquitination and proteasomal cleavage of the GLI3-regulator Fu. Our data…
Dystroglycan regulates structure, proliferation and differentiation of neuroepithelial cells in the developing vertebrate CNS.
2007
AbstractIn the developing CNS α- and β-dystroglycan are highly concentrated in the endfeet of radial neuroepithelial cells at the contact site to the basal lamina. We show that injection of anti-dystroglycan Fab fragments, knockdown of dystroglycan using RNAi, and overexpression of a dominant-negative dystroglycan protein by microelectroporation in neuroepithelial cells of the chick retina and optic tectum in vivo leads to the loss of their radial morphology, to hyperproliferation, to an increased number of postmitotic neurons, and to an altered distribution of several basally concentrated proteins. Moreover, these treatments also altered the oriented growth of axons from retinal ganglion c…
The "critical zones" of entrapment of the nerves of the lower limb.
1991
The author has studied, in a group of 40 dissections on cadavers of individuals of different ages, the main “critical zones” of entrapment of some terminal branches of the lumbo-sacral plexus, which include canals (fibrous, osteo-fibrous, fibro-muscular), intervals (intermuscular, fibro-muscular, musculo-ligamentous), rings (fibrous or fibro-muscular) and foramina. They provide the topographical anatomical basis for possible compressive phenomena of the nerves of the lower limb.
Kinematics of the ulna during pronation and supination in a cadaver study: implications for elbow arthroplasty
2003
Objective. Aim of this study was to exactly describe and quantify kinematics of the ulna during pro- and supination. Design. Biomechanical study in fresh frozen cadavers. Background. A previous MRI study revealed a varus/valgus motion of the ulna averaging 7.1° during pro-/supination. Axial rotation, however, could not be quantified. Methods. Sixteen arms were examined in a new apparatus that fixed the humerus on a template and allowed forearm rotation. Motion of a Kirschner wire placed in the ulna was recorded in steps of 30° by two perpendicularly arranged charge coupled device cameras during pro- and supination. Results. From supination to pronation the ulna showed a semi-lunar evasive m…
Aberrant glycosylation of alpha-dystroglycan causes defective binding of laminin in the muscle of chicken muscular dystrophy.
2005
Dystroglycan is a central component of dystrophin-glycoprotein complex that links extracellular matrix and cytoskeleton in skeletal muscle. Although dystrophic chicken is well established as an animal model of human muscular dystrophy, the pathomechanism leading to muscular degeneration remains unknown. We show here that glycosylation and laminin-binding activity of alpha-dystroglycan (alpha-DG) are defective in dystrophic chicken. Extensive glycan structural analysis reveals that Galbeta1-3GalNAc and GalNAc residues are increased while Siaalpha2-3Gal structure is reduced in alpha-DG of dystrophic chicken. These results implicate aberrant glycosylation of alpha-DG in the pathogenesis of mus…
Ritz Solution for Transient Analysis of Variable-Stiffness Shell Structures
2020
The dynamic response of thin-walled structures is driven by mass and stiffness distribution. As such, variable-stiffness (VS) composites offer opportunities to tune structural dynamic responses. To this extent, efficient analysis tools become increasingly important for structural analysis and design purposes. In this work, an efficient and versatile Ritz method for free vibrations and linear transient analysis of VS doubly curved shell structures is presented. VS shell structures are modeled as an assembly of shell-like domains. The shell kinematics is based on the first-order shear deformation theory, and no further assumption is made on the shallowness or on the thinness of the structure.…