Search results for "Anna"

Engaging Databases for Data Systems Education

2023

Experiencias psicóticas atenuadas y consumo de cannabis en adolescentes de la población general

2019

El propósito de este estudio fue analizar la relación entre las experiencias psicóticas atenuadas y el consumo de cannabis en una muestra representativa de adolescentes de la población general. Un total de 1,588 estudiantes (M=16,13 años; DT = 1,36), 739 eran hombres (46,5%), pertenecientes a 34 escuelas y 98 aulas, seleccionados mediante muestreo aleatorio estratificado por conglomerados, fueron encuestados. Los instrumentos administrados fueron el Cuestionario de Pródromos de Psicosis-Breve, el Cuestionario de Capacidades y Dificultades, el Cuestionario de Consumo de Sustancias Modificado, el Penn Matrix Reasoning Test (PMRT), la Family Affluence Scale-II y la Escala Oviedo de Infrecuenci…

Schizophrenia polygenic risk score and cannabis use modify psychosis expression in first episode psychosis patients and population controls

2019

AbstractBackgroundDiagnostic categories within the psychosis spectrum are widely used in clinical practice, however psychosis may occur on a continuum. Therefore, we explored whether the continuous distribution of psychotic symptoms across categories is a function of genetic as well as environmental risk factors, such as polygenic risk scores (PRSs) and cannabis use.MethodsAs part of the EU-GEI study, we genotyped first episode psychosis patients (FEP) and population controls, for whom transdiagnostic dimensions of psychotic symptoms or experiences were generated using item response bi-factor modelling. Linear regression was used, separately in patients and controls, to test the association…

Interaction between cannabis consumption and childhood abuse in psychotic disorders: preliminary findings on the role of different patterns of cannab…

2015

Aim Several studies have suggested that lifetime cannabis consumption and childhood abuse synergistically contribute to the risk for psychotic disorders. This study aimed to extend existing findings regarding an additive interaction between childhood abuse and lifetime cannabis use by investigating the moderating role of type and frequency of cannabis use. Methods Up to 231 individuals presenting for the first time to mental health services with psychotic disorders and 214 unaffected population controls from South London, United Kingdom, were recruited as part of the Genetics and Psychosis study. Information about history of cannabis use was collected using the Cannabis Experiences Question…

Cannabis and Psychosis: A Causal Association

2021

Nowadays, the use of cannabis is widespread around the world and THC content of confiscated cannabis has increased in the last years. This fact has raised some consequences, especially in the mental health of the people. Although there have existed some initial controversies about the relationship between cannabis and psychosis, at the present time there are some certainties of the causal association between them. Through the Bradford Hill postulates, we will try to demonstrate that cannabis produces psychosis. The strength of the association, the consistency along the studies, biological gradient, temporality, plausibility, coherence, experimentation, and analogies support the cause-effect…

Diferencias de género entre autocultivadores de cannabis en España

2019

The increase in cannabis use coincides with the proliferation of small-scale cannabis cultivation. These crops facilitate substance availability and increased use. Some investigations have studied the characteristics of small-scale cultivators; however, it is not known whether their profiles differ by gender. The aim of the present study was to analyse differences among growers regarding sociodemographic variables, patterns of use and health problems from a gender perspective. A descriptive observational study was designed with a sample of 219 cultivators (157 men and 62 women), aged between 18 and 34. Problematic use of cannabis (CPQ), cannabis dependence (SDS), patterns of abuse (CAST), r…

Cannabis-associated symptom profiles in patients with first episode psychosis and population controls

2019

AbstractObjectiveThe evidence is mixed on whether cannabis use is associated with a particular symptomatology in first episode psychosis (FEP) patients.The authors set out to investigate a) patterns of association between cannabis use and transdiagnostic symptom dimensions; b) whether the extent of use of cannabis contributes to the variation in clinical and subclinical symptom profiles.MethodThe authors analysed data from 901 patients and 1235 controls recruited across six countries, as part of the European Network of National Schizophrenia Networks Studying Gene-Environment Interactions (EU-GEI) study. Item response modelling was used to estimate two bifactor models, which included genera…

Hyvästä elämästä ja kuolemasta

2019

Acetaldehyde as a drug of abuse: Involvement of endocannabinoid- and dopamine neurotransmission

2014

Acetaldehyde (ACD), the first metabolite of ethanol, directly enhances dopamine neurotransmission (1) and has rewarding and motivational properties in paradigms tailored for studying addictive-like behaviours (2, 3). The endocannabinoid system affects distinct drug-related behaviours, since it may in turn fine-tune dopamine cell activity (4, 5). In light of this, the present study aimed at investigating the effects of a direct manipulation of the DAergic synapse, and the contribution of the endocannabinoid system on oral ACD self-administration in rats. ACD drinking-behaviour was evaluated in an operant paradigm consisting of acquisition and maintenance; extinction; deprivation and relapse;…

Role of endocannabinoids and TRPV1 channels in the bioelectric activity of hippocampal neurons

It has been reported that endocannabinoid system is an important player in the regulation of neuronal bioelectrical activity, relying on receptor-mediated mechanisms. Amongst these, Cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1r) and Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) are both modulated by endocannabinoids, involved in the transduction of stimuli in the pre-synaptic neuron and prompt downstream pathways in the post-synaptic neuron. To investigate the role of CB1r/TRPV1 interplay, we applied whole-cell patch clamp technique to visualize the eventual variations in terms of membrane current and action potentials induced by pharmacological manipulation in rat hippocampal neurons. We modul…