Search results for "Anti-HIV agents"
showing 10 items of 90 documents
Effects of triterpenes on the immune system.
2010
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Triterpenes, which comprise a broad chemical group of active principles, are implicated in the mechanisms of action and pharmacological effects of many medicinal plants used in folk medicine against diseases in which the immune system is implicated. They have been described as anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, and antitumoral agents, as well as being immunomodulator compounds. Several of them are implicated in the resolution of immune diseases, although their effects have not always been clearly correlated. Aim of the review: The aim of this review is to compile relevant data on the mechanisms of action of triterpenes isolated from active ethnomedi…
Adverse cutaneous reactions associated with the newest antiretroviral drugs in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection.
2008
HIV-infected patients have a higher risk of developing cutaneous reactions than the general population, which has a significant impact on patients' current and future care options. The severity of cutaneous adverse reactions varies greatly, and some may be difficult to manage. HIV-infected patients just at the beginning of antiretroviral treatment can frequently show a wide variety of adverse drug effects such as drug rashes, hyperpigmentation, hair loss, hypersensitivity reactions, injection site reaction, urticarial reaction, erythema multiforme, toxic epidermal necrolysis or Stevens-Johnson syndrome. The early detection and treatment of cutaneous adverse drug reactions, plus identificati…
Mitochondrial Toxicity in HAART: An Overview of In Vitro Evidence
2011
The combined antiretroviral therapeutic approach currently employed for the treatment of HIV infection, known as Higly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), has dramatically reduced AIDS-related morbidity and mortality. However, the adverse reactions associated with the long term use of this therapy have now become a major issue and researchers have focused on understanding the cellular mechanisms underlying these drug-induced detrimental effects which englobe a large list of different events including rash and hypersensibility reactions, hepatotoxicity, metabolic disturbances including lipodystrophy, and other metabolic syndrome-like disturbances such as hyperlactatemia, hyperlipedimia, i…
Pyrrolo[1,2-f]phenanthridines and related non-rigid analogues as antiviral agents.
2002
Abstract The pyrrolo[1,2- f ]phenanthridines 8 – 22 and the corresponding non-rigid analogues 23 – 41 were synthesised and their ability to inhibit the replication of HIV-1 was tested. Only the polycyclic derivatives 10 , 11 , and 13 showed a weak anti -HIV activity, whereas several pyrrolo-phenanthridines ( 8 , 10 , 16 – 18 ) were found to stimulate the multiplication of MT-4 cells at low concentrations. Derivative 10 demonstrated to possess the unique property of stimulating the multiplication of lymphocytes joined to HIV inhibition.
A review of natural and modified betulinic, ursolic and echinocystic acid derivatives as potential antitumor and anti-HIV agents.
2003
The aim of this review is to update current knowledge on the betulinic, ursolic and echinocystic acids and their natural and semisynthetic analogs, focussing on their cytotoxic and anti-HIV activities. Then, the last results of the authors' team on unusual semisynthetic derivatives of these triterpenoids will be presented in order to establish structure/activity relationships.
An adaptive multimeme algorithm for designing HIV multidrug therapies.
2007
This paper proposes a period representation for modeling the multidrug HIV therapies and an Adaptive Multimeme Algorithm (AMmA) for designing the optimal therapy. The period representation offers benefits in terms of flexibility and reduction in dimensionality compared to the binary representation. The AMmA is a memetic algorithm which employs a list of three local searchers adaptively activated by an evolutionary framework. These local searchers, having different features according to the exploration logic and the pivot rule, have the role of exploring the decision space from different and complementary perspectives and, thus, assisting the standard evolutionary operators in the optimizati…
The metabolic syndrome and HIV infection.
2013
The metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, has become an important public health problem. Considerable differences in the prevalence of the MetS in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected subjects have been reported, as a consequence of several limitations regarding the diagnostic critera for MetS. New evidence suggests that the use of optimal waist cut-off points specific for the various ethnic populations could represent a step forward in overcoming these limitations. Also the use of specific cut-off points for measuring upper trunk fat as an adjunctive criterion of MetS in HIV patients with lipodystrophy could represent an…
Durability of Dolutegravir-Based Regimens: A 5-Year Prospective Observational Study
2021
This study evaluates the frequency and causes of dolutegravir (DTG) discontinuation along 5 years of follow-up, in both antiretroviral treatment (ART)-naive and experienced people living with HIV (PLWH). This is a prospective multi-center cohort study enrolling PLWH on DTG from July 2014 until November 2020. DTG-durability was investigated using the Kaplan-Meier survival curve. The Cox proportional-hazards model was used for estimating the hazard ratio (HR) of DTG discontinuation for any cause, and for adverse events (AEs). Nine hundred sixty-three PLWH were included, 25.3% were women and 28.0% were ART-naive. Discontinuations for any causes were 10.1 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 8.9-1…