Search results for "Antigens"

Toxocara canis infection induces antigen-specific IL-10 and IFNγ production in pregnant dogs and their puppies

2005

Toxocara canis (T. canis) is originally a parasite of canine bitches and their pups. The pathogenicity of T. canis infection is enhanced during pregnancy and puppyhood. The aim of this study was to investigate if modification of IFNgamma and IL-10 secretion occurs during infection in pregnant dogs and puppies. Analysis of cytokines secreted could let us hypothesize a role for IL-10 and/or IFNgamma in T. canis infection. We tested T. canis-specific production of IFNgamma and IL-10 by lymphocytes of pregnant dogs and their puppies after in vitro re-exposure to purified excretory/secretory antigen (ESAg) from T. canis. Blood mononuclear cells (BMC) isolated from pregnant dogs and their puppies…

Major histocompatibility complex regulation of cytokine production.

1996

This review describes the phenomenon of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) control of cytokine production both in experimental animals and in humans. H-2 (mouse MHC) regulates which type of cytokine is selectively produced in response to the hapten trinitrophenyl (TNP). T cells from TNP-immune H-2k mice produce interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-3, IL-5, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-10, and very low levels of IL-4 on reexposure to the specific antigen in vitro. By contrast, T cells from H-2d mice produce IL-3, TNF-alpha, IL-10, and IL-4 but very low levels of IL-2, IL-5 and IFN-gamma. As MHC-congenic matched strains (BALB/k and BALB/c) are used, th…

Differential requirements for antigen or homeostatic cytokines for proliferation and differentiation of human Vgamma9Vdelta2 naive, memory and effect…

2005

We have compared four human subsets of Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells, naive (T(naive), CD45RA(+)CD27(+)), central memory (T(CM), CD45RA(-)CD27(+)), effector memory (T(EM), CD45RA(-)CD27(-)) and terminally differentiated (T(EMRA), CD45RA(+)CD27(-)), for their capacity to proliferate and differentiate in response to antigen or homeostatic cytokines. Cytokine responsiveness and IL-15R expression were low in T(naive) cells and progressively increased from T(CM) to T(EM) and T(EMRA) cells. In contrast, the capacity to expand in response to antigen or cytokine stimulation showed a reciprocal pattern and was associated with resistance to cell death and Bcl-2 expression. Whereas antigen-stimulated cells a…

Cancer-Initiating Cells from Colorectal Cancer Patients Escape from T Cell-Mediated Immunosurveillance In Vitro through Membrane-Bound IL-4

2014

Abstract Cancer-initiating cells (CICs) that are responsible for tumor initiation, propagation, and resistance to standard therapies have been isolated from human solid tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to obtain an immunological profile of CRC-derived CICs and to identify CIC-associated target molecules for T cell immunotherapy. We have isolated cells with CIC properties along with their putative non-CIC autologous counterparts from human primary CRC tissues. These CICs have been shown to display “tumor-initiating/stemness” properties, including the expression of CIC-associated markers (e.g., CD44, CD24, ALDH-1, EpCAM, Lgr5), multipotency, and tumorigenic…

Harnessing dendritic cells in cancer.

2011

Dendritic cells (DCs) are central to the initiation of tumor-specific immune responses. However, the tumor microenvironment generates immunosuppressive cells and soluble mediators that compromise DC functions and limit the success of DC-based therapies. Progress in understanding DC metabolism in cancer is uncovering novel therapeutic targets that could restore DC capacity to prime T cells and trigger effective anticancer responses. Accumulating evidence also indicates that conventional chemo- and radiotherapy protocols can cause DC activation, enhance antigen cross-presentation, selectively eliminate immunosuppressive cells and revert the immunosuppression state caused by cancer, suggesting…

Myeloperoxidase mediates neutrophil activation by association with CD11b/CD18 integrins.

2004

Recruitment and activation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) reflects a primary immunological response to invading pathogens and has also emerged as a hallmark of vascular inflammation. One of the principal enzymes released upon PMN activation is myeloperoxidase (MPO), a heme protein that not only generates cytotoxic oxidants but also impacts deleteriously on nitric oxide-dependent signaling cascades within the vasculature. Because MPO also associates with the membrane of PMN, we evaluated whether MPO could also function as an autocrine modulator of PMN activation. The extent of PMN membrane-associated MPO was elevated in patients with acute inflammatory vascular disease compared with…

Perfluoroalkylated amphiphilic MUC1 glycopeptide antigens as tools for cancer immunotherapy.

2010

The synthesis of perfluoroalkylated glycopeptide antigens and their specific binding to anti-MUC1 mouse antibodies is reported.

CD40 activity on mesenchymal cells negatively regulates OX40L to maintain bone marrow immune homeostasis under stress conditions

2021

BackgroundWithin the bone marrow (BM), mature T cells are maintained under homeostatic conditions to facilitate proper hematopoietic development. This homeostasis depends upon a peculiar elevated frequency of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and immune regulatory activities from BM-mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). In response to BM transplantation (BMT), the conditioning regimen exposes the BM to a dramatic induction of inflammatory cytokines and causes an unbalanced T-effector (Teff) and Treg ratio. This imbalance negatively impacts hematopoiesis, particularly in regard to B-cell lymphopoiesis that requires an intact cross-talk between BM-MSCs and Tregs. The mechanisms underlying the ability of…

Positive or negative involvement of heat-shock proteins in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis: an overview.

2014

Role of Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) in Autoimmune Diseases

2018

Since the discovery of HLA 60 years ago, it has contributed to the understanding of the immune system as well as of the pathogenesis of several diseases. Aside from its essential role in determining donor-recipient immune compatibility in organ transplantation, HLA genotyping is meanwhile performed routinely as part of the diagnostic work-up of certain autoimmune diseases. Considering the ability of HLA to influence thymic selection as well as peripheral anergy of T cells, its role in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity is understandable. The aim of this paper is to provide a brief overview of the role and current clinical relevance of HLA-B27 in spondyloarthritis and HLA-B51 in Behçet's disea…