Search results for "Antitubercular Agents"
showing 10 items of 36 documents
Quantifying transmission fitness costs of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis.
2021
As multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) continues to spread, investigating the transmission potential of different drug-resistant strains becomes an ever more pressing topic in public health. While phylogenetic and transmission tree inferences provide valuable insight into possible transmission chains, phylodynamic inference combines evolutionary and epidemiological analyses to estimate the parameters of the underlying epidemiological processes, allowing us to describe the overall dynamics of disease spread in the population. In this study, we introduce an approach to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) phylodynamic analysis employing an existing computationally efficient mod…
Predictors of therapy failure in newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis cases in Beira, Mozambique.
2018
Abstract Objective Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health issue, ranking in the top ten causes of death worldwide. A deep understanding of factors influencing poor treatment outcomes may allow the development of additional treatment strategies, focused on the most vulnerable groups. Aims of the study were: (i) to evaluate the treatment outcome among TB subjects followed in an outpatient setting and (ii) to analyze factors associated with treatment failure in newly diagnosed patients with pulmonary TB in Beira, the second largest city of Mozambique. Results A total of 301 TB adult patients (32.6% females) were enrolled. Among them, 62 (20.6%) experienced a treatment failure over a 6…
Haemophagocytic syndrome in a liver transplant patient during treatment with Telaprevir.
2013
Haemophagocytic syndrome (HS) is a rare disease that is often fatal despite treatment. HS is characterized by fevers, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, cytopenias and hyperferritinaemia due to deregulated activation and proliferation of macrophages, leading to uncontrolled phagocytosis of platelets, erythrocytes, lymphocytes, and their hematopoietic precursors throughout the reticuloendothelial system. Mycobacterium tuberculosis-associated HS is a rare and underdiagnosed association with only 39 cases reported. We describe a case of HS associated with disseminated Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the setting of post-liver transplantation anti-hepatitis C therapy with pegylated interferon (p…
Janus -faced liposomes enhance antimicrobial innate immune response in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
2012
We have generated unique asymmetric liposomes with phosphatidylserine (PS) distributed at the outer membrane surface to resemble apoptotic bodies and phosphatidic acid (PA) at the inner layer as a strategy to enhance innate antimycobacterial activity in phagocytes while limiting the inflammatory response. Results show that these apoptotic body-like liposomes carrying PA (ABL/PA) ( i ) are more efficiently internalized by human macrophages than by nonprofessional phagocytes, ( ii ) induce cytosolic Ca 2+ influx, ( iii ) promote Ca 2+ -dependent maturation of phagolysosomes containing Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), ( iv ) induce Ca 2+ -dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, (…
Clinicopathological profile of gastrointestinal tuberculosis: a multinational ID-IRI study
2020
Data are relatively scarce on gastro-intestinal tuberculosis (GITB). Most studies are old and from single centers, or did not include immunosuppressed patients. Thus, we aimed to determine the clinical, radiological, and laboratory profiles of GITB. We included adults with proven GITB treated between 2000 and 2018. Patients were enrolled from 21 referral centers in 8 countries (Belgium, Egypt, France, Italy, Kazakhstan, Saudi Arabia, UK, and Turkey). One hundred four patients were included. Terminal ileum (n = 46, 44.2%), small intestines except terminal ileum (n = 36, 34.6%), colon (n = 29, 27.8%), stomach (n = 6, 5.7%), and perianal (one patient) were the sites of GITB. One-third of all p…
Prevention of the post-chemotherapy relapse of tuberculous infection by combined immunotherapy
2008
Summary We report that a recently developed combined immunotherapy (CIT) has the capacity to prevent a spontaneous relapse of replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli in the lungs of BALB/c, C57Bl/6 or C3H/HeJ strains of mice, following 4 weeks of non-sterilising treatment with isoniazid and rifampicin. The CIT regimen, represented by recombinant IFNγ, anti-α crystalline monoclonal IgA antibody and IL-4 neutralizing polyclonal antibody, reduced the 8-week relapse of viable bacterial counts in the lungs most significantly, when CIT was inoculated during the 5th week post infection, i.e. during the 3rd week of chemotherapy. Although CIT enhanced lung granuloma area, nitric oxide, cytoki…
Disseminated tuberculosis in a patient treated with a JAK2 selective inhibitor: a case report
2012
Abstract Background Primary myelofibrosis is a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by bone marrow fibrosis, abnormal cytokine expression, splenomegaly and anemia. The activation of JAK2 and the increased levels of circulating proinflammatory cytokines seem to play an important role in the pathogenesis of myelofibrosis. Novel therapeutic agents targeting JAKs have been developed for the treatment of myeloproliferative disorders. Ruxolitinib (INCB018424) is the most recent among them. Case presentation To our knowledge, there is no evidence from clinical trials of an increased risk of tuberculosis during treatment with JAK inhibitors. Here we describe the first case of tuberculosis in a…
Tuberculosis of the central nervous system in children: 32 years survey.
2005
Aim. In order to study the impact of clinical and diagnostic parameters on the clinical outcome of children with central nervous system tuberculosis (CNS-TB), we retrospectively reviewed all cases of CNS-TB diagnosed over a 32-year period at the Children's Hospital of Palermo, Italy. Methods. Data were collected with regard to the clinical, laboratory and demographic characteristics of patients, as well as the results of radiological investigations and data on clinical outcome. In relation to the date of introduction of new diagnostic methods (indirect as well direct) and to the change of treatment periods, the authors compared the clinical outcome of patients admitted prior and after 1984.…
Mutations in the rpoB and katG Genes Leading to Drug Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Latvia
2002
ABSTRACT To characterize the genetic basis of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Latvia, mutations involved in rifampin ( rpoB gene) and isoniazid ( katG gene) resistance in DNA from 19 drug-susceptible and 51 multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis complex isolates were analyzed. The most frequent rpoB gene mutations found by the Line Probe assay were the S531L (14 of 34 isolates), D516V (7 of 34), H526D (4 of 34), and D516Y plus P535S (4 of 34) mutations. Direct sequencing of seven isolates with unclear results from Line Probe assay showed the presence of the L533P mutation and the Q510H plus H526Y (1 of 34) and D516V plus P535S (4 of 34) double mutations, neither of which has b…
Social determinants of therapy failure and multi drug resistance among people with tuberculosis: A review
2017
Background Social determinants influence health and the development of tuberculosis (TB). However, a paucity of data is available considering the relationship of social determinants influencing therapy failure and multi drug resistance (MDR). We conducted a review investigating the relationship of common social determinants on therapy failure and MDR in people with TB. Methods PubMed and SCOPUS were searched without language restrictions until February 02, 2016 for studies reporting the association between socioeconomic factors (income, education and alcohol abuse) and therapy failure or MDR-TB. The association between social determinants and outcomes was explored by pooling data with a ran…