Search results for "Apse"
showing 10 items of 1903 documents
"Synaptic" ribbons and spherules of the rat pineal gland: day/night changes in vitro?
1982
In the present study pineal glands of rats aged 69–71 days were studied in vivo and in vitro with respect to day/night changes of “synaptic” ribbons and spherules. It was found that ribbons outnumber spherules by a factor of 3. In vivo, both ribbons and spherules show a roughly 3-fold increase in number at 1 a.m. when compared to 1 p.m. Up to 39 h in vitro, the two structures in question did not reveal day/night differences in amount, suggesting that diurnal rhythmicity of the gland did apparently not persist in organ culture. After 3 h in organ culture, the spherules, but not the ribbons, showed a striking increase in number, showing that ribbons and spherules may be governed by different …
"Synaptic" ribbons and spherules of the guinea pig pineal gland: inverse day/night differences in number.
1983
The present study deals with the functionally enigmatic "synaptic" ribbons and spherules of guinea pig pinealocytes. Whereas the ribbons have been shown to exhibit a 24-hr rhythmicity with low numbers during the day and high numbers at night, very little of a definitive nature is known about the spherules. Sixteen male guinea pigs of the Hartley strain were perfusion fixed, 8 between 0900-1100 hr, and 8 between 2100-2300 hr. The ribbons and spherules were counted in the pineal parenchyma of the proximal, intermediate, and distal regions. In confirmation of earlier studies, it was found that "synaptic" ribbons are equally abundant in the proximal, intermediate, and distal regions of the glan…
Does SuperPark Make Children Less Sedentary? : How Visiting a Commercial Indoor Activity Park Affects 7 to 12 Years Old Children’s Daily Sitting and …
2018
Commercial indoor activity parks provide children with a variety of entertaining physical activities. This study examined whether visiting SuperPark affects total daily sitting and physical activity time. The participants (8 girls and 7 boys, aged 10.3 ±
Light and drug induced changes of epiphysial synaptic ribbons.
1976
In the present investigation experiments were carried out to determine whether the functionally obscure synaptic rebbons of mammalian pinealocytes can be affected by acute changes in environmental lighting and which chemical processes may be involved in their regulation. Experiments carried out in male guinea-pigs have shown that the amounts of synaptic ribbons are immediately affected by changes in the lighting pattern. Extension of the light period reduced the normally occurring increase, whereas extension of the dark period inhibited the normally occurring decrease in the amount of synaptic ribbons. Results following injections of a number of drugs known to influence pineal function (nor…
Plasticity of synaptic ribbons of the rat pineal gland in vitro — Minor effects of electrical stimulation
2003
Synaptic ribbons (SRs) of mammalian pinealocytes exhibit day/night changes in number and size, changes that are apparently regulated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus via postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibres. Since the neural control of SR changes is far from clear and as pinealocytes produce action potentials, we undertook to investigate whether electrical stimulation affects SR changes. Isolated rat pineal glands removed during the daytime were kept in vitro for 0, 30, 60, 90 or 120 min, with or without continuous electrical stimulation (1 mA, 1 Hz), followed by the quantification of SR profiles (SRPs) by transmission electron microscopy. SRs were categorised as to whether they lay less t…
Relapse prevention in alcoholics by cigarette smoking? Involvement of nicotinic-dopaminergic mechanisms.
2001
Because of a controversial view on the role of smoking in the recovery process of alcoholism, outcome data obtained for alcoholics who had been included in a long-term clinical trial with a putative anticraving drug were analyzed. To avoid unknown interactions between the drug under study and smoking behavior, only placebo-treated patients were evaluated in this investigation. After 12 months of rehabilitation, there was no significant difference regarding abstinence rate between 48 smoking alcoholics (who reported that they smoked 32 cigarettes on average per day) and 15 nonsmoking alcoholics (33% vs. 20%). However, smokers tended to be abstinent longer than nonsmokers (173 vs. 114 days; P…
Evidence for the presence of two 24-h rhythms 180 degrees out of phase in the pineal gland of male Pirbright-White guinea pigs as monitored by counti…
1987
Previous studies have shown that the "synaptic" bodies of mammalian pinealocytes are a heterogeneous group of organelles. Whereas "synaptic" ribbons (SR) exhibit a day/night rhythm with small numbers during daytime and high numbers at night, the so-called "synaptic" spherules (SS) show species-specific differences in their rhythmicity. In the present study the numbers of SR and SS were monitored in male guinea pigs over a full 24-h period at 4-hourly intervals (LD 12:12, lights on at 7:00). The results obtained show that the rhythms of SR numbers and SS numbers are out of phase by 180 degrees. SR numbers are small during daytime and high at night, whereas SS numbers are high during daytime …
Alterations in the Hippocampal Endocannabinoid System in Diet-Induced Obese Mice
2010
The endocannabinoid (eCB) system plays central roles in the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure. Its alteration in activity contributes to the development and maintenance of obesity. Stimulation of the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1receptor) increases feeding, enhances reward aspects of eating, and promotes lipogenesis, whereas its blockade decreases appetite, sustains weight loss, increases insulin sensitivity, and alleviates dysregulation of lipid metabolism. The hypothesis has been put forward that the eCB system is overactive in obesity. Hippocampal circuits are not directly involved in the neuronal control of food intake and appetite, but they play important roles in hed…
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF 537 DOGS WITH MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE AND LEAFLET INVOLVEMENT
2009
In this work we investigated which mitral valve leaflet was most often involved in mitral valve prolapse with degenerative mitral valve disease and whether there was an association with breed, age, gender, or weight. Five hundred and thirty-seven dogs with mitral valve prolapse-degenerative mitral valve disease were assessed; the cross-breed dog was the most represented breed (248 dogs, 46.2%). Mitral valve prolapse was more common in male dogs, and the average age was 11.3 +/- 2.8 years. Prolapse of the anterior leaflet was present in 48.4% of dogs, prolapse of the the posterior leaflet in 7.1%, and bileaflet prolapse was present in 44.5%; this distribution is different than that typically…
Blood urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio is associated with congestion and mortality in heart failure patients with renal dysfunction
2015
Renal dysfunction (RD) and venous congestion are related and common in heart failure (HF). Studies suggest that venous congestion may be the primary driver of RD in HF. In this study, we sought to investigate retrospectively the relationship between common measures of renal function with caval congestion and mortality among outpatients with HF and RD. We reviewed data from 103 HF outpatients (45 males, mean age 74 years, ejection fraction 41.8 ± 11.6 %) with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 25.5 (adjusted OR 2.98, p 0.015) and eGFR ≤45.8 (adjusted OR 5.38, p 0.002) identify patients at risk for caval congestion; a BUN/Cr >23.7 was the best predictor of impaired collapsibility …