Search results for "Argument"
showing 10 items of 522 documents
Argumentation in Mathematics
2013
In The Uses of Argument, Stephen Toulmin (1958) introduced a model of argumentation, in which what may be called the ‘layout of arguments’ is represented. This model has become a classic in argumentation theory and has been used in the analysis, evaluation and construction of arguments. Toulmin’s main thesis is that, in principle, one can make a claim of rationality for any type of argument, and that the criterion of validity depends on the nature of the problem in question. He rejects the idea of universal norms for evaluation of argumentation and that formal logic provides these norms. There is an essential difference between the norms which are relevant to the evaluation of everyday argu…
How coincidence Bears on Persistence
2011
The ‘paradoxes of coincidence’ are generally taken as an important factor for deciding between rival views on persistence through time. In particular, the ability to deal with apparent cases of temporary coincidence is usually regarded as a good reason for favouring perdurantism (or ‘four-dimensionalism’) over endurantism (or ‘three-dimensionalism’). However, the recent work of Gilmore (2007) and McGrath (2007) challenges this standard view. For different reasons, both Gilmore and McGrath conclude that perdurantism does not really obtain support from the puzzles of temporary coincidence. In this paper, I will evaluate their arguments and defend the opposite view: that the paradoxes of coinc…
Naturalizzazione, mente e conoscenza
2009
Naturalizzazione, mente e conoscenza - A controversial issue regarding Quine’s naturalised epistemology is that it may involve some form of reductionism. This article focuses on one of these forms, analysing the interplay of his philosophy of mind and epistemology. It aims to show that if we take into proper consideration the way in which the version of anomalous monism embraced affects his conception of mental states like sensations and propositional attitudes, Quine’s philosophy of mind should be regarded as anti-reductionist. Through a discussion of his theory of perception, I try to argue that what is entailed by it is, in a sense only partially accepted by Quine himself, that neither p…
Normativity all the way down: from normative realism to pannormism
2017
In this paper, I will give an argument for what I call pannormism, the view according to which if x instantiates a metaphysically basic normative property F, then whatever grounds the being of x also instantiates F. In slogan form: if there is normativity, there is normativity all the way down. Such pannormism is in many ways analogous to panpsychism, and my discussion also contains an important lesson for panpsychism, a way to avoid its so-called combination problem. In Sect. 1, I present the argument; in Sect. 2, I discuss its conclusion.
Valoración aristotélico-argumentativa del caso Iguala, a propósito de la Comisión por la Verdad y la Justicia
2022
En la presente investigación se analiza la fundamentación de la sentencia de amparo en revisión 203/2017 del Caso Iguala, en su resolución de conformar una comisión investigadora de la verdad y la justicia, para esclarecer y resolver el caso de los 43 desaparecidos. Desde la teoría aristotélica de la argumentación se busca estudiar la sentencia y decantar sus resultados lógico-argumentales a partir de dicho modelo hermenéutico. Finalmente, se evaluará su racionalidad de acuerdo con el paradigma tríadico: analítico-dialéctico-retórico que compone la lógica de Aristóteles, para ver si los argumentos presentados se justifican y convencen en sí mismos.
El idealismo de Hegel y la refutación de Spinoza: algunos malentendidos recientes
2016
Hegel’s Science of Logic contains a refutation ( Widerlegung ) of Spinoza’s system on whose correct understanding depends the adequate interpretation of the philosophical point of view of Hegel’s original brand of Idealism. I stress its importance, then indicate where to look for the rebuttal in the work and finally explain in what sense has a logical character (it is neither a phenomenological nor an epistemological nor a moral or practical argument). Also, some relatively recent approaches to many of the key passages are discussed in the paper, because they have fostered confusion about the way Hegel opposes Spinozism – which really is neither Kant’s nor Fichte’s way. http://dx.doi.org/10…
Operative Gesichtspunkte bei der Diskussion des Weberschen Gesetzes
1977
The analysis of structures of argumentation in historical controversies is considered to be a basic contribution to the dynamics of theories. In this paper attention is drawn to the occurence of operational arguments in the history of physics. This is to be discussed especially in respect to the nineteenth-century debates on the consistency of Wilhelm Weber's electrodynamic law with the principle of conservation of energy.
Hegel on the Productivity of Action: Metaphysical Questions, Non-Metaphysical Answers, and Metaphysical Answers
2019
AbstractCharles Taylor claims that not only Kant, but also successors of Kant such as Fichte and Hegel, advocate a primitive concept of action, namely, a basic, irreducible, indispensable concept allegedly essential to our self-understanding. This paper shows how philosophers like Robert Brandom agree with Taylor explicitly with regard to Hegel, and attribute to him transcendental non-metaphysical arguments in support of such a concept. It then proceeds to challenge this attribution (both of the concept and the type of argument), offering a brief presentation of an alternative non-transcendental metaphysical approach to the Hegelian idea of giving actuality to a concept (or end) through a p…
What ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ are the στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου?
2014
The expression τὰ στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου is one of the most discussed, and most disputed, phrases in Galatians. In the following article, insight into the meaning of this phrase is sought by first of all clarifying and summarising the full scope of issues which must be explained by any interpretation of the phrase. Such a summary overview has often not appeared in various scholarly discussions. Subsequently, the primary proposed interpretations are discussed with the argument ultimately being made that it is Paul’s conception of ‘the world’ which provides the key to a solution to the interpretive conundrum that best satisfies the entire context of Paul’s letter and argument.
Pojęcia definicji i quasi-definicji perswazyjnej
2016
Charles L. Stevenson w swoim dobrze znanym artykule pt. Persuasive definitions wprowadza pojęcie definicji perswazyjnej – narzędzia argumentacyjnego, które umożliwia mówcy zmianę preferencji i postawy słuchaczy poprzez zmianę treści pojęciowej (znaczenia opisowego) definiowanego słowa. Na marginesie tej analizy wprowadzone zostaje także pojęcie quasi-definicji perswazyjnej. Dzięki temu narzędziu zmieniającym znaczenie pojęciowe, można zmienić lub zniszczyć znaczenie emotywne quasi-definiowanego słowa. To, co sprawia, że użytkowanie tych narzędzi argumentacyjnych jest możliwe, to przede wszystkim brak wyraźnej treści znaczeniowej terminów, które mają być zdefiniowane perswazyjnie lub quasi-p…