Search results for "Astrophysics"

Charged jet cross sections and properties in proton-proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

2015

The differential charged jet cross sections, jet fragmentation distributions, and jet shapes are measured in minimum bias proton-proton collisions at center-of-mass energy ffiffi s p ¼ 7 TeV using the ALICE detector at the LHC. Jets are reconstructed from charged particle momenta in the midrapidity region using the sequential recombination kT and anti-kT as well as the SISCone jet finding algorithms with several resolution parameters in the range R ¼ 0.2–0.6. Differential jet production cross sections measured with the three jet finders are in agreement in the transverse momentum (pT) interval 20 < pjet;ch T < 100 GeV=c. They are also consistent with prior measurements carried out at the LH…

Measurement of charged jet production cross sections and nuclear modification in p–Pb collisions at √sNN=5.02 TeV

2015

Charged jet production cross sections in p–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV measured with the ALICE detector at the LHC are presented. Using the anti-kT algorithm, jets have been reconstructed in the central rapidity region from charged particles with resolution parameters R = 0.2 and R = 0.4. The reconstructed jets have been corrected for detector effects and the underlying event background. To calculate the nuclear modification factor, RpPb, of charged jets in p–Pb collisions, a pp reference was constructed by scaling previously measured charged jet spectra at √s = 7 TeV. In the transverse momentum range 20 ≤ pT, ch jet ≤ 120 GeV/c, RpPb is found to be consistent with unity, indicating th…

ERA-experiment “space biochemistry”

1995

Abstract The general goal of the experiment was to study the response of anhydrobiotic (metabolically dormant) microorganisms (spores of Bacillus subtilis, cells of Deinococcus radiodurans, conidia of Aspergillus species) and cellular constituents (plasmid DNA, proteins, purple membranes, amino acids, urea) to the extremely dehydrating conditions of open space, in some cases in combination with irradiation by solar UV-light. Methods of investigation included viability tests, analysis of DNA damages (strand breaks, DNA-protein cross-links) and analysis of chemical effects by spectroscopic, electrophoretic and chromatographic methods. The decrease in viability of the microorganisms was as exp…

Subsurface chemistry of mantles of interstellar dust grains in dark molecular cores

2010

Context. The abundances of many observed compounds in interstellar molecular clouds still lack an explanation, despite extensive research that includes both gas and solid (dust-grain surface) phase reactions. Aims. We aim to qualitatively prove the idea that a hydrogen-poor subsurface chemistry on interstellar grains is responsible for at least some of these chemical "anomalies". This chemistry develops in the icy mantles when photodissociation reactions in the mantle release free hydrogen, which escapes the mantle via diffusion. This results in serious alterations of the chemical composition of the mantle because pores in the mantle provide surfaces for reactions in the new, hydrogen-poor …

Understanding the impact of poly(allylamine) plasma grafting on the filtration performances of a commercial polymeric membrane

2019

Abstract Commercial membranes often exhibit difficulties in rejecting specific ionic species, and especially multivalent cations, due to their usual negative charge. To face this drawback, it is proposed here to functionalize the membrane surface by allylamine plasma polymerization. The impact of this modification on both permeation flux and ion rejection is investigated for single salt solutions and ion mixtures. It is shown that the membrane behaves like a positive membrane from the point of view of cation rejection but the negative charge (and the corresponding electrical field) inside pores leads to high rejection of divalent anions like a negative membrane. This allows a high selectivi…

Vibronic structure in triatomic molecules : The hydrocarbon flame bands of the formyl radical (HCO). A theoretical study

1998

A theoretical study of the vibrational structure of the math 2A′ ground and math 2A′ excited states of the formyl radical, HCO, and its deuterated form, DCO, has been performed. The potential energy surfaces have been computed by means of a multiconfigurational perturbative method, CASPT2. The computed geometries and the harmonic and anharmonic frequencies are successfully compared to the available experimental information. The vibrational intensities of the transition math 2A′↔math 2A′ have been computed both for absorption and emission. The results lead to accurate determinations of several structural parameters and some reassignments of the vibrational transitions of the so-called hydroc…

Structure and Yielding of Colloidal Silica Gels Varying the Range of Interparticle Interactions.

2016

The relationship between interaction range, structure, fluid-gel transition, and viscoelastic properties of silica dispersions at intermediate volume fraction, Φv ≈ 0.1 and in alkaline conditions, pH = 9 was investigated. For this purpose, rheological, physicochemical, and structural (synchrotron-SAXS) analyses were combined. The range of interaction and the aggregation state of the dispersions were tuned by adding either divalent counterions (Ca(2+)) or polycounterions (PDDA). With increasing calcium chloride concentration, a progressive aggregation was observed which precludes a fluid-gel transition at above 75 mM of calcium chloride. In this case, the aggregation mechanism is driven by s…

Fluorescence excitation and emission spectroscopy on single MEH-PPV chains at low temperature.

2008

Fluorescence emission and excitation spectra of single MEH-PPV polymer molecules dispersed in thin PMMA films have been recorded at 1.2 and 20 K. We observe single as well as multichromophore emission in single chain emission spectra, whereby the relative fractions depend on the two different molecular weights (50 and 350 kDa) studied. The molecular weight also affects the distribution of peak emission maxima, which is monomodal (bimodal) for the low (high) molecular weight. The appearance of an additional "red" subpopulation for the high molecular weight sample is attributed to interactions of multiple chromophores from a sufficiently flexible single chain. The comparison of emission spect…

Structure and Dynamics of NaCl in Methanol. A Molecular Dynamics Study

1991

Abstract A recently developed flexible three-site model for methanol was employed to perform a Molecular Dynamics simulation of a 0.6 molal NaCl solution. The ion-methanol and ion-ion potential functions were derived from ab initio calculations. The structural properties of the solution are discussed on the basis of radial and angular distribution functions, the orientation of the methanol molecules, and their geometrical arrangement in the solvation shells of the ions. The dynamical properties of the solution - like self-diffusion coefficients, hindered translations, librations, and internal vibrations of the methanol molecules - are calculated from various autocorrelation functions.

1981

A new interferometer has been designed in order to perform measurements of refractive indices and refractive index increments on liquid systems under elevated pressure at different temperatures. The method of measurement, the calibration of the instrument and the treatment of data are described. With a series of test measurements on trans-decalin it is shown that with this instrument reliable results are obtained.