Search results for "Attention Deficit Disorder With Hyperactivity"

showing 10 items of 141 documents

Time-on-Task in Children with ADHD: An ex-Gaussian Analysis

2013

AbstractAlthough it is widely known that high intra-individual variability (IIV) is a key characteristic of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a detailed exploration of the IIV pattern during the time course of a cognitive task has never been carried out. In this study, 30 children with ADHD and 30 controls, were administered the Conners’ Continuous Performance Task (CPT-II). The across-block individual performance of the groups was analyzed using an ex-Gaussian approach, which enabled a clearer understanding of how individual response times (RTs) fluctuate during a task in comparison with conventional measures of central tendency. While the conventional measures showed a sign…

MaleTime FactorsTime FactorAdolescentDevelopmental disorderIndividualityNormal DistributionContinuous performance taskTask Performance and AnalysiTime on taskTask (project management)Settore M-PSI/04 - Psicologia Dello Sviluppo E Psicologia Dell'EducazioneContinuous performance taskTask Performance and AnalysisReaction TimemedicineEx-Gaussian functionHumansAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderChildNeuroscience (all)Settore M-PSI/02 - Psicobiologia E Psicologia Fisiologicamedicine.diagnostic_testGeneral NeuroscienceContrast (statistics)Cognitionmedicine.diseaseSustained attentionEx gaussianDevelopmental disorderPsychiatry and Mental healthClinical PsychologyAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityIntra-individual variabilityFemaleNeurology (clinical)PsychologyHumanCognitive psychologyJournal of the International Neuropsychological Society
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Genetic analysis of reaction time variability: room for improvement?

2013

Background. Increased reaction time variability (RTV) on cognitive tasks requiring a speeded response is characteristic of several psychiatric disorders. In attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the association with RT is strong phenotypically and genetically, yet high RTV is not a stable impairment but shows ADHD-sensitive improvement under certain conditions, such as those with rewards. The state regulation theory proposed that the RTV difference score, which captures change from baseline to a rewarded or fast condition, specifically measures ‘state regulation’. By contrast, the interpretation of RTV baseline (slow, unrewarded) scores is debated. We aimed to investigate directl…

Maleevent rateAdolescentDEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDERTWINS EARLY DEVELOPMENTMedizinTwinsSocial Sciences610 Medicine & health3202 Applied PsychologyBEHAVIOR PROBLEMS2738 Psychiatry and Mental HealthrewardsReaction TimeTwins Dizygoticddc:61ADHDHumansddc:610Medizinische Fakultät » Universitätsklinikum Essen » LVR-Klinikum Essen » Klinik für Psychiatrie Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und JugendaltersChildModels GeneticATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDEROriginal ArticlesTwins Monozygotic10058 Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryPERFORMANCEInhibition PsychologicalPhenotypereaction time variabilityAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityCONDUCT DISORDERCase-Control StudiesRELIABILITYINTRASUBJECT VARIABILITYFemalegenetic effectsCRITERION VALIDITYPsychological Medicine
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Candidate genetic pathways for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show association to hyperactive/impulsive symptoms in children with AD…

2013

Item does not contain fulltext OBJECTIVE: Because multiple genes with small effect sizes are assumed to play a role in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) etiology, considering multiple variants within the same analysis likely increases the total explained phenotypic variance, thereby boosting the power of genetic studies. This study investigated whether pathway-based analysis could bring scientists closer to unraveling the biology of ADHD. METHOD: The pathway was described as a predefined gene selection based on a well-established database or literature data. Common genetic variants in pathways involved in dopamine/norepinephrine and serotonin neurotransmission and genes involv…

Malegenetic pathwaysMedizinSocial SciencesGenome-wide association studyDCN PAC - Perception action and controlSeverity of Illness Index/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/clean_water_and_sanitationneuritic outgrowth2738 Psychiatry and Mental HealthDOPAMINE0302 clinical medicineDevelopmental and Educational PsychologyIsraelChildQUANTITATIVE TRAITS10058 Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryGenomic disorders and inherited multi-system disorders [DCN PAC - Perception action and control IGMD 3]EuropePsychiatry and Mental healthattention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptomsPhenotypeChild PreschoolFemalemedicine.symptomPsychologySDG 6 - Clean Water and Sanitationmedicine.drugClinical psychologymedicine.medical_specialtyDIAGNOSTIC-APPROACHAdolescentGenotypeLARGE MULTICENTER ADHDIDENTIFIES ASSOCIATIONDEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDERDCN MP - Plasticity and memoryneurotransmitter systems610 Medicine & healthQuantitative trait locusHyperkinesisImpulsivityMental health [NCEBP 9]Genomic disorders and inherited multi-system disorders DCN MP - Plasticity and memory [IGMD 3]03 medical and health sciencesDopamineRating scalemedicineCriterion validityddc:61Attention deficit hyperactivity disorderHumansddc:610Medizinische Fakultät » Universitätsklinikum Essen » LVR-Klinikum Essen » Klinik für Psychiatrie Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und JugendaltersDCN PAC - Perception action and control NCEBP 9 - Mental healthGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATIONNITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASEPsychiatryGenetic Association StudiesMETAANALYSISPsychiatric Status Rating Scales3204 Developmental and Educational Psychologymedicine.disease030227 psychiatryAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityImpulsive BehaviorEtiologyCRITERION VALIDITY030217 neurology & neurosurgery
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Children with autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Relationships between symptoms and executive function, theory of mind, and behavio…

2018

Abstract Background The underlying mechanisms of comorbidity between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are still unknown. Executive function (EF) deficits and theory of mind (ToM) have been the most investigated cognitive processes. Aims This study proposed to analyze EF, ToM and behavioral problems in children with ASD + ADHD, ADHD, ASD and typical development (TD). The relationship between ADHD and ASD symptoms with EF, ToM and behavioral problems in children with ASD + ADHD was also explored. Methods and procedures Participants were 124 children between 7 and 11 years old (22 ASD + ADHD, 35 ADHD, 30 ASD, and 37 TD), matched on age and IQ. …

Malegenetic structuresTheory of Mindbehavioral disciplines and activities03 medical and health sciencesExecutive Function0302 clinical medicineTheory of mindmental disordersDevelopmental and Educational PsychologymedicineAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderHumans0501 psychology and cognitive sciencesAttentionAutistic DisorderChildProblem Behavior05 social sciencesCognitionStrengths and Difficulties QuestionnaireExecutive functionsmedicine.diseaseComorbidityClinical PsychologyAutism spectrum disorderAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivitySpainAutismFemalePsychologyMetacognitionBehavior Observation Techniques030217 neurology & neurosurgery050104 developmental & child psychologyClinical psychologyResearch in developmental disabilities
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Efficacy and safety of extended-release guanfacine hydrochloride in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A randomi…

2014

AbstractGuanfacine extended-release (GXR), a selective α2A-adrenergic agonist, is a non-stimulant treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study assessed the efficacy (symptoms and function) and safety of dose-optimized GXR compared with placebo in children and adolescents with ADHD. An atomoxetine (ATX) arm was included to provide reference data against placebo. Patients (6–17 years) were randomized at baseline to dose-optimized GXR (0.05–0.12mg/kg/day – 6–12 years: 1–4mg/day; 13–17 years: 1–7mg/day), ATX (10–100mg/day) or placebo for 4 or 7 weeks. The primary efficacy measure was change from baseline in ADHD Rating Scale version IV (ADHD-RS-IV). Key secondary me…

Malemedicine.medical_specialtyAdolescentClinical NeurologyAtomoxetine HydrochloridePlaceboDouble-Blind MethodRating scaleInternal medicineAdrenergic alpha-2 Receptor AgonistsmedicineHumansAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderPharmacology (medical)FunctionGuanfacine HydrochlorideChildAdverse effectBiological PsychiatryPsychiatric Status Rating ScalesPharmacologyAdrenergic Uptake InhibitorsDose-Response Relationship DrugPropylaminesAtomoxetinemedicine.diseaseGuanfacineGuanfacinePsychiatry and Mental healthAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderNeurologyTreatment efficacyAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityDelayed-Action PreparationsAnesthesiaFemaleNeurology (clinical)Safetymedicine.symptomPsychologySomnolencemedicine.drugEuropean Neuropsychopharmacology
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Extended-release guanfacine hydrochloride in 6-17-year olds with ADHD: a randomised-withdrawal maintenance of efficacy study.

2015

Background Extended-release guanfacine hydrochloride (GXR), a selective α2A-adrenergic agonist, is a nonstimulant medication for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This phase 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised-withdrawal study evaluated the long-term maintenance of GXR efficacy in children/adolescents with ADHD. Methods Children/adolescents (6–17 years) with ADHD received open-label GXR (1–7 mg/day). After 13 weeks, responders were randomised to GXR or placebo in the 26-week, double-blind, randomised-withdrawal phase (RWP). The primary endpoint was the percentage of treatment failure (≥50% increase in ADHD Rating Scale version IV total score and ≥2-point increase …

Malemedicine.medical_specialtyAdolescentPlacebo03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineDouble-Blind MethodRating scaleInternal medicineOutcome Assessment Health CareDevelopmental and Educational PsychologymedicineClinical endpointAdrenergic alpha-2 Receptor AgonistsHumansTreatment FailureGuanfacine HydrochloridePsychiatryTrial registrationChildTime to treatment failure030227 psychiatryGuanfacinePsychiatry and Mental healthAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityDelayed-Action PreparationsPediatrics Perinatology and Child HealthFemaleExtended releasePsychology030217 neurology & neurosurgeryEfficacy StudyJournal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines
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Prospective relationships of ADHD symptoms with developing substance use in a population-derived sample

2011

BackgroundClinically ascertained reports suggest that boys and girls with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may differ from each other in their vulnerability to substance use problems.MethodA total of 1545 Finnish adolescents were assessed for DSM-IV-based ADHD symptoms by their parents and classroom teachers using standardized rating scales at age 11–12 years. At age 14, substance use disorders and psychiatric co-morbidity were assessed with the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism, providing DSM-III-R/DSM-IV diagnoses for Axis I disorders. At age 17.5, substance use was assessed by multi-item questionnaire.ResultsAlthough baseline ADHD symptoms were less…

Malemedicine.medical_specialtyAdolescentSubstance-Related DisordersPopulationAlcohol abuseImpulsivityArticle03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineSex FactorsRating scaleSurveys and QuestionnairesInterview Psychologicalmental disordersmedicineAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderHumansADHDAdhd symptomsProspective StudiesProspective cohort studyPsychiatryeducationChildApplied Psychologyta515Psychiatric Status Rating Scaleseducation.field_of_studySmokingAge Factorsmedicine.disease030227 psychiatryPsychiatry and Mental healthConduct disorderAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityFemalemedicine.symptomPsychologypäihteiden käyttö030217 neurology & neurosurgeryClinical psychologyPsychological Medicine
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Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

2010

Contains fulltext : 87688.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) OBJECTIVE: Although twin and family studies have shown attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to be highly heritable, genetic variants influencing the trait at a genome-wide significant level have yet to be identified. As prior genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have not yielded significant results, we conducted a meta-analysis of existing studies to boost statistical power. METHOD: We used data from four projects: a) the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP); b) phase I of the International Multicenter ADHD Genetics project (IMAGE); c) phase II of IMAGE (IMAGE II); and d) the Pfizer-funded study from the…

Malemedicine.medical_specialtyCandidate geneAdolescentMedizinSocial SciencesGenome-wide association studySingle-nucleotide polymorphismPolymorphism Single NucleotideArticleGenomic disorders and inherited multi-system disorders [IGMD 3]03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicinePerception and Action [DCN 1]Developmental and Educational PsychologymedicineIMPUTATIONAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderddc:61Humansddc:610Medizinische Fakultät » Universitätsklinikum Essen » LVR-Klinikum Essen » Klinik für Psychiatrie Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und JugendaltersInternational HapMap ProjectPsychiatryChildGenetic Association Studies030304 developmental biologyGenetic associationMental Health [NCEBP 9]0303 health sciencesCOMPONENTSmedicine.disease3. Good healthPREVALENCEPsychiatry and Mental healthAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityMeta-analysisChild PreschoolFemalePsychologyFunctional Neurogenomics [DCN 2]030217 neurology & neurosurgeryImputation (genetics)Clinical psychologyGenome-Wide Association Study
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Corpus Callosum Morphology in Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder: Morphometric Analysis of MRI

1991

Although behavioral evidence provides support for the notion that attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is related to central nervous system dysfunction, there is little direct evidence to reveal which neurometabolic systems or brain structures are involved. Recent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies suggest that, compared to nondisabled controls, ADHD children may have a smaller right frontal region. Morphometric analysis of MRI scans was used in this exploratory study to determine whether correlated regional variation might exist in the corpus callosum of children with ADHD. While all MRI scans were judged to be clinically normal, morphometric analysis revealed that, compa…

Malemedicine.medical_specialtyHealth (social science)Neurologymedia_common.quotation_subjectCentral nervous systemSpleniumCorpus callosumCorpus CallosumEducation03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicinemental disordersmedicineHumansAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder030212 general & internal medicineChildDominance Cerebralmedia_commonBrain Mappingmedicine.diagnostic_testMagnetic resonance imagingAnatomymedicine.diseaseMagnetic Resonance Imaging030227 psychiatryDevelopmental disordermedicine.anatomical_structureAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityGeneral Health ProfessionsFemalePsychologyNeuroscienceVigilance (psychology)Journal of Learning Disabilities
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Comorbidity between obesity and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Population study with 13–15-year-olds

2006

Objective: This study analyzes whether obese children have a higher risk of attention deficit/hyperactivity “characteristics” (AD/HD) than do children with other nutritional states. Method: This study included 35,403 participants from 486 community schools. They completed the AD/HD scale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and were weighed and measured. 2879 of the participants were obese and 78 were morbidly obese (BMI >40). Results: A discrete, nonsignificant, increment was found in the AD/HD characteristics of male participants with morbid obesity, as compared with the other nutritional states. Among morbidly obese females, the prevalence of AD/HD characteristics was sl…

Malemedicine.medical_specialtyPediatricsAdolescentmedia_common.quotation_subjectComorbidityOverweightMorbid obesityRisk FactorsmedicineHumansAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderObesityPsychiatrymedia_commonSelection biasStrengths and Difficulties Questionnairemedicine.diseaseComorbidityObesityPsychiatry and Mental healthAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivitySpainPopulation studyFemalemedicine.symptomPsychologyInternational Journal of Eating Disorders
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